青藏高原热动力强迫作用对亚洲夏季风的形成和变化具有重要影响。然而，由于观测和数值模式本身的局限性，关于青藏高原动力和热力作用影响季风形成的相对重要性仍存在争议。针对相关理论和数值模拟问题，提出了基于位涡理论的青藏高原地表位涡强迫概念，并揭示了其与亚洲夏季风的关系。针对上述研究开展了回顾和总结，发现青藏高原动力、热力强迫影响的相对重要性与试验设计和模式模拟性能本身具有密切联系；青藏高原地表位涡指数可以作为衡量其相对重要性的一个指标；相比于感热通量，表面位涡能够更好地表征夏季高原表面的强迫作用，并可以作为量化指标评估不同数值模拟方案中高原表面强迫的强度和对季风降水的影响；从气候尺度而言，高原表面加热是导致夏季风在陆地上形成的主要因素；而从延伸期预测的角度，高原上空的热力和动力扰动时空尺度如何调控天气尺度波是影响下游降水预测的关键因子。相关理论和数值模拟研究可为进一步深化青藏高原气候动力学的认识提供参考。未来需要加强高原观测，并推动模式物理过程的发展，以进一步提高青藏高原气候数值模拟和预测水平。

The thermodynamic forcing of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a crucial role in modulating the formation and variability of the Asian summer monsoon. However, due to limitations in both observational data and numerical models, the relative importance of the Plateau’s dynamic versus thermal effects on monsoon development remains a subject of ongoing debate. In recent years, a new framework based on Potential Vorticity (PV) theory has been proposed, introducing the concept of surface PV forcing over the Tibetan Plateau and revealing its relationship with the Asian summer monsoon. This paper reviews and synthesizes related research findings. Key conclusions include the following: the relative significance of TP thermodynamic forcing is closely related to experimental design and model performance; the surface PV index can serve as a quantitative metric to assess this relative significance. Compared to sensible heat flux, surface PV more accurately represents summer surface forcing over the Plateau and can be used to evaluate the strength of TP surface forcing under different model configurations and its impact on monsoonal rainfall. Climatologically, TP surface heating plays a dominant role in the formation of the summer monsoon over land. From an extended-range forecasting perspective, the spatiotemporal scales of thermodynamic disturbances over the TP that modulate synoptic-scale waves are key factors influencing the predictability of downstream precipitation. Notably, the intensity of TP surface forcing in climate system models—and its sensitivity in influencing monsoon precipitation—was quantified across different regions in 2022. Accurate simulation of TP surface PV forcing in June 2022 proved essential for reproducing the persistent rainfall observed over South China. These theoretical and modeling advancements contribute to a deeper understanding of the climatic dynamics associated with TP. However, observational data scarcity—particularly in high-elevation regions of the western TP—due to terrain and environmental constraints, limits the understanding of boundary-layer processes and results in biased physical parameterizations in climate models. Therefore, advancing TP simulation capabilities and deepening understanding of its climatic role require integrating observations, numerical modeling, and theoretical research into a unified framework. This approach will enhance the prediction of weather and climate extremes across TP and adjacent regions.