Abstract: The thermodynamic forcing of the Tibetan Plateau plays a crucial role in modulating the
formation and variability of the Asian summer monsoon. However, due to limitations in both observations and
numerical models, the relative importance of the Plateau's dynamic and thermal effects on monsoon development
remains a subject of ongoing debate. In recent years, we have proposed a new framework based on Potential
Vorticity (PV) theory, introducing the concept of surface PV forcing over the Tibetan Plateau, and revealing its
relationship with Asian summer monsoon. This paper reviews and summarizes the aforementioned researches.
Our major findings include that the relative significance of TP thermodynamic forcing is closely linked with
experimental design and model simulation performance, and the surface PV index can serve as an index to gauge
this relative significance; compared with sensible heat flux, surface PV better characterizes the summer surface
forcing over the Plateau and can serve as quantitative indicator to assess the strength of TP surface forcing under
different numerical experiment configurations and evaluated its influence on monsoonal rainfall; climatologically,
TP surface heating dominates the formation of summer monsoon over land; moreover, from an extended-range
forecasting perspective, the spatiotemporal scales of thermodynamic disturbances over TP modulating synopticscale
waves are key factors influencing the predictability of downstream precipitation. Especially, we quantify the
intensity of TP surface forcing in climate system models and its sensitivity in affecting monsoon precipitation
across different regions in 2022. We highlight that accurate simulation of TP surface PV forcing in June 2022 was
essential for reproducing persistent rainfall over South China.These theoretical and modeling efforts contribute to
a deeper understanding of the climatic dynamics associated with the Tibetan Plateau. Additionally, observational
data scarcity particularly over high-elevation western TP regions due to terrain and environmental constraints has
led to insufficient knowledge of boundary-layer processes and biased physical parameterizations in climate
models. Therefore, advancing TP simulation capabilities and enhancing comprehension of TP climate dynamics
necessitates integrating observations, modeling, and theoretical research into a cohesive framework. Such an
integrated approach will improve prediction skills for weather and climate extremes across the TP and
surrounding regions.