地球科学进展

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2025 , Vol. 40 >Issue 3: 289 - 302

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.018

综述与评述

南海及周边海上丝绸之路沿线的强灾害性内波

  • 龚延昆 ,
  • 陈璐 ,
  • 孙宇翰 ,
  • 许洁馨 ,
  • 陈植武 ,
  • 蔡树群
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  • 1.中国科学院南海海洋研究所 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室，广东 广州 510301
    2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
龚延昆，主要从事海洋内波动力学研究. E-mail：gongyk@scsio.ac.cn
蔡树群，主要从事海洋内波动力学研究 E-mail：caisq@scsio.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2025-01-03

  修回日期: 2025-02-10

  网络出版日期: 2025-05-07

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42130404)

收起

Strong Hazardous Internal Waves in the South China Sea and Along the Maritime Silk Road

  • Yankun GONG ,
  • Lu CHNE ,
  • Yuhan SUN ,
  • Jiexin XU ,
  • Zhiwu CHEN ,
  • Shuqun CAI
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  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
GONG Yankun, research areas include oceanic internal wave dynamics. E-mail: gongyk@scsio.ac.cn
CAI Shuqun, research areas include oceanic internal wave dynamics. E-mail: caisq@scsio.ac.cn

Received date: 2025-01-03

  Revised date: 2025-02-10

  Online published: 2025-05-07

Supported by

the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130404)

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摘要

内孤立波作为大振幅强非线性内波，不仅在海洋混合、物质输运和生态系统演变中起着关键作用，还对水下航行安全和海洋工程等构成潜在威胁。因此，深入研究内孤立波的生成、传播及其影响对于海洋环境、水下航行安全至关重要。作为全球重要的海上贸易交通要道，南海（吕宋海峡）及其周边海上丝绸之路沿线海域，如苏禄海（锡布图海峡）、苏拉威西海、龙目海峡和安达曼海等，存在陡峭的水下海脊以及局地潮流较强，是内孤立波频发的海域。通过对卫星遥感、现场观测、数值模拟及地震海洋学等技术手段在这些海域内孤立波研究中的应用进展进行系统综述，揭示了南海及周边海上丝绸之路沿线内孤立波波动特征、生成机制与传播演变规律的区域差异性，并进一步探讨了未来内孤立波研究中一些亟待解决的科学问题（波—流相互作用、多源地内波相干涉现象）与技术难题（数值预报的优化与智能预报的发展）。

关键词： 海上丝绸之路; 内波; 海洋灾害; 南海及周边海域

本文引用格式

龚延昆 , 陈璐 , 孙宇翰 , 许洁馨 , 陈植武 , 蔡树群 . 南海及周边海上丝绸之路沿线的强灾害性内波[J]. 地球科学进展, 2025 , 40(3) : 289 -302 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.018

Abstract

Internal Solitary Waves (ISWs), which are characterized by large amplitudes and strong nonlinearity, are pivotal dynamic phenomena in oceanic processes. These waves contribute significantly to vertical mixing, cross-isopycnal transport of nutrients and sediments, and modulation of marine ecosystems, while posing substantial risks to subsea infrastructures, underwater navigation, and offshore operations. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of their generation mechanisms, spatiotemporal evolution, and environmental impacts is critical for advancing oceanographic knowledge and ensuring maritime safety. The South China Sea (SCS) and its adjacent regions along the Maritime Silk Road, including the Sulu Sea (Sibutu Passage), Celebes Sea, Lombok Strait, and Andaman Sea, serve as global hotspots for ISW activity because of their complex bathymetry, intense tidal currents, and stratified water columns. This paper synthesizes multidisciplinary advances in ISW research across these regions, leveraging integrated methodologies such as multi-sensor satellite remote sensing (e.g., MODIS, VIIRS, and SAR), in situ observational networks, high-resolution numerical modeling (e.g., MITgcm, FVCOM), and emerging seismic oceanography techniques. Furthermore, the review identifies persistent gaps in knowledge, such as the role of mesoscale and submesoscale processes in wave–current interactions and interference effects between ISWs from multiple sources. Technical challenges, including the assimilation of multi-platform data into predictive models and the development of AI-driven forecast systems (e.g., physics-informed neural networks, convolutional neural networks), are critically assessed. The paper concludes by advocating for coordinated international observational campaigns and next-generation, non-hydrostatic models to unravel the multiscale complexity of ISWs, ultimately enhancing predictive capabilities for scientific and operational applications in these strategic waters.

Key words： Maritime Silk Road; Internal waves; Oceanic disaster; South China Sea and its surrounding seas

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