人工消雾研究进展
收稿日期: 2024-12-06
修回日期: 2025-01-13
网络出版日期: 2025-02-03
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42475205);国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF1308200);中国气象局云降水物理与人工影响天气重点开放实验室开放课题(2023CPML-C04)
Artificial Fog Dissipation Research Progress
Received date: 2024-12-06
Revised date: 2025-01-13
Online published: 2025-02-03
Supported by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42475205);The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1308200);The Innovation Foundation of CPML/CMA(2023CPML-C04)
楼小凤 , 王田田 , 郭丽君 , 周旭 , 李集明 . 人工消雾研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2025 , 40(2) : 126 -137 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.014
Since 1958, China has conducted numerous artificial fog dissipation field experiments and research. This paper summarizes the classification and characteristics of fog as well as the mechanisms and methods of artificial fog dissipation. Fog areas in China are extensively distributed, with obvious seasonal differences. Land fog is mostly radiation fog, whereas sea fog is distributed in foggy areas along the coast, and its formation and dissipation are restricted by various conditions. The methods and technical approaches for artificial warm and cold fog dissipation were determined. The dissipation methods for warm fog include heating, dynamic mixing, thermodynamic methods, and hygroscopic particle seeding; whereas the dissipation methods for cold fog include seeding silver iodide of ice nucleating agents and spraying refrigerants. Other methods such as ultrasound are currently being researched and tested. The applicability, advantages, disadvantages, and uncertainties of these seeding methods were analyzed. The applicability of the fog dissipation methods varies. When applying these methods, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the technical approaches, implementation challenges, cost-effectiveness, and fog dissipation efficacy in field trials and operational applications. Aircraft-induced downdraft mixing is a simple, expensive, and operationally challenging process for warm fog. Thermal heating is universally applicable to all warm fog types but is cost-prohibitive and reserved for emergencies or critical infrastructure (e.g., major international airports and vital seaports), particularly for high-temperature fog. For cold fog, silver iodide seeding exhibits poor nucleation efficiency at temperatures around -5 ℃ (optimal below -8 ℃), necessitating cooling agents like liquid nitrogen, dry ice, and propane. Despite its high cost, liquid-nitrogen seeding is preferred operationally owing to its reliability and ease of deployment.All the current methods can dissipate local small-range warm or cold fog, but none can dissipate large-scale fog systems. A comprehensive analysis of fog dissipation provided ideas and references for artificial fog dissipation experiments, seeding operations, and future development in China. Future research should integrate numerical modeling, laboratory experiments, and field trials to validate and optimize seeding techniques and enhance the operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
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