为揭示小兴安岭地区火灾长期演化规律，基于一个典型泥炭沉积柱芯的大（>125 μm）、中（50~125 μm）、小（<50 μm）3种炭屑组分记录，分别重建了近1 100年来局地、局域和区域火灾演化历史，并结合区域已有气候、植被和人类活动资料，探讨了其对环境变化的响应机理。研究结果表明，相对暖干的气候条件易引发火灾，但火灾频率和强度分别受草本植物和木本植物相对比例的控制。受此环境条件影响，1 100~900 cal a BP采样泥炭地的局地、局域和区域火灾频率和强度较低，900~570 cal a BP达到最高，随后570~200 cal a BP显著降低。近200 cal a BP来，受人类活动和气温升高的共同驱动，采样地局域和区域火灾频率显著上升，而采样地局地火灾频率和强度相对较低，主要受湿度增加和乔木植物减少的制约。

To reveal the long-term evolution of fire in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains, the historical fire records for the past 1100 years were reconstructed at the local, neighboring, and regional scale based on the analysis of large (>125 μm), medium (50~125 μm) and small (<50 μm) charcoal found in a representative peat core. Based on this, in combination with data on the existing climate, vegetation, and human activities in the study area, the mechanism of response to environmental changes is discussed. Our findings indicate that relatively warm and dry climatic conditions were conducive to fire occurrence. Fire frequencies and intensities were controlled by herbaceous and woody plants, respectively. Affected by such environmental conditions, the local, neighboring, and regional fire regimes during 1 100~900 Cal a BP exhibited much lower frequencies and intensities. Subsequently, fire regimes during 900~570 Cal a BP reached the highest frequencies and intensities. Thereafter, the fire frequencies and intensities decreased significantly during periods 570~200 Cal a BP. In the past 200 Cal a BP, increasing fire frequencies in neighboring and regional areas around the sampling site were attributed to the combined effects of strengthened human activities and rising temperatures. However, the relatively low frequencies and intensities of local fires at the sampling site were primarily constrained by unfavorable conditions of increased climatic humidity and reduced prevalence of woody plants.