北极冰间水道区域的物理过程和遥感观测研究进展
收稿日期: 2021-08-24
修回日期: 2021-10-25
网络出版日期: 2022-04-28
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目“北冰洋海冰冰场形变及其热力学效应观测研究”(41976219);“北极波弗特海域冰间水道的精细化识别及其热力学效应研究”(41876223)
Review of Arctic Sea Ice Leads： Physics and Remote Sensing
Received date: 2021-08-24
Revised date: 2021-10-25
Online published: 2022-04-28
Supported by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Observation of sea ice deformation in the Arctic and its thermal dynamic impact"(41976219);"Refined detection of Arctic sea ice leads in the Beaufort Sea and its thermal dynamic effect"(41876223)
冰间水道是海冰区在风力和洋流作用下形成的线状断裂带。总结了冰间水道区域海洋—海冰—大气相互作用的物理机制和水道遥感的研究现状。冰间水道是极区海洋与大气间水热交换的重要窗口，是冬季产冰析盐和夏季融冰产生淡水的重要场所，也是极区动物赖以生存的栖息地和迁徙通道。利用水道与浮冰之间在反照率、表面温度、发射率和粗糙度等性质上的差异，可通过光学、红外和微波等多种遥感手段来识别和提取水道。随着北极海冰厚度的减小和季节性衰退的提前，波弗特海的水道宽度、面积和出现频率均呈现增加的态势。在北极海冰不断减少的态势下，未来需要结合现场和遥感观测重新评估水道表面能量收支及其对区域能量平衡的贡献，更准确地认识其在北极气候变暖放大效应中的作用。
关键词： 冰间水道; 海洋—海冰—大气相互作用; 边界层; 遥感
屈猛 , 赵羲 , 庞小平 , 雷瑞波 . 北极冰间水道区域的物理过程和遥感观测研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2022 , 37(4) : 382 -391 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.102
Sea ice leads are linear fracture zones in Arctic pack ice caused by divergent sea ice motion driven by wind and ocean currents. In winter， leads that are the main factories of ice formation and brine rejection， serve as the prime window for heat and material exchange between the Arctic Ocean and atmosphere. Spring onward， solar shortwave radiation transmitted through leads promotes the bloom of ice algae and plankton and subsequently sustains a habitat for wildlife in the Arctic. In summer， meltwater from sea ice floats on the ocean surface and usually converges to a reservoir of leads. In practice， the ocean surface in open leads is a crucial reference for satellite altimetry because it provides pathways for surface vessels and migration corridors for marine animals. Leads can be detected in optical， thermal， and microwave remote sensing images utilizing the contrast in their albedo， surface temperature， emissivity， and roughness from the surrounding pack ice. Various satellite and airborne images with moderate and high ground resolution have been used to evaluate the presence of leads. The products of lead distribution in the Arctic have been generated using different satellite remote sensing techniques. As sea ice in the Arctic becomes thinner and retreats earlier in the melt season， changes in the spatial and temporal distributions of leads can be expected. A recent study using MODIS thermal images has confirmed the continuous rise of spring lead areas in the Beaufort Sea since 2001， although for the entire Arctic， the results are still inconclusive. In the context of declining sea ice， the energy budget in leads must be parameterized based on comprehensive observations. The contribution of both open and refreezing leads to a regional energy and mass balance of sea ice， and its role in the changing Arctic climate and marine system， remains to be recognized.
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