表土磁学特征揭示的青藏高原及其周边地区的气候边界
收稿日期: 2021-09-23
修回日期: 2021-11-18
网络出版日期: 2022-01-06
基金资助
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目“粉尘气溶胶及其气候环境效应”(2019QZKK0602);中国科学院青促会优秀会员项目(Y202023)
Magnetic Variations in Surface Soils from the Tibetan Plateau and Its Adjacent Regions： Implications for Delineating the Climatic Boundary
Received date: 2021-09-23
Revised date: 2021-11-18
Online published: 2022-01-06
Supported by
the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) "Dust aerosols and their climatic and environmental effects"(2019QZKK0602);The 2020 Outstanding Members of Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China(Y202023)
青藏高原及其周边位于东亚季风、印度季风与西风环流系统的交汇地带，是气候变化的敏感区和影响显著区。刻画青藏高原及其邻区降水的空间分布以及干湿气候区边界位置，不仅对深入认识该地区大气环流分布形势具有重要意义，同时还可以进一步加深对欧亚大陆大气环流动力学过程的理解。通过对青藏高原及其周边现代地表沉积岩石磁学参数空间分布特征的综合集成研究，结合300多个气象站点近70年气温和降水数据的详细对比分析，发现降水量是控制青藏高原及其邻区地表土壤磁学性质变化的主要因素，表土磁学性质可以用于揭示高原及其邻区降水的空间分布。已发表及新获取的700余块表土样品成壤相关的磁学参数呈现出显著的空间梯度变化，揭示出北祁连山—横断山以及帕米尔高原—北天山是青藏高原及其周边地区2条重要的成壤强度分界线，其大致分别对应半湿润—半干旱区（400 mm）以及干旱和半干旱区（200 mm）的干湿气候区降水界线。此外，高原北部及其周边多个末次冰期—间冰期以来的风尘沉积剖面磁学参数的空间对比结果，还进一步揭示第四纪冰期时，随着全球变冷，干旱化加剧导致高原北部气候梯度差异显著减小，全球冰量变化可能是控制高原北部气候格局演化的主要因素。
昝金波 , 宁文晓 , 杨胜利 , 方小敏 , 康健 , 罗元龙 . 表土磁学特征揭示的青藏高原及其周边地区的气候边界[J]. 地球科学进展, 2022 , 37(1) : 14 -25 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.125
The Tibetan Plateau （TP） and its adjacent areas are located in the intersection zone of the East Asian and Indian summer monsoons， and the westerly circulation. Characterizing and interpreting the spatial distribution of precipitation and the climatic boundary across the TP are important for understanding the dynamics of atmospheric circulation in this tectonically and climatically sensitive region. Rock magnetic investigations of surface soils have been successfully used to identify the spatial pattern of climatic gradients in the Eurasian continent and North Africa， especially where meteorological stations are sparse. Here we conducted detailed investigations of the magnetic properties of a large set of surface soil samples， combined with the analysis of some 70 years meteorological dataset to characterize the spatial distribution of precipitation in the TP and its adjacent areas. The results demonstrate that pedogenic intensity decreases significantly as moist air flows across the TP towards the interior， which directly demonstrates the effect of the precipitation gradient on pedogenesis. This finding confirms that rock magnetic investigations of surface soils in the TP and its adjacent areas are an effective method for characterizing the precipitation boundary in this vast area. Based on a synthesis of the rock magnetic and meteorological data， we have clearly defined the presence of two distinct boundaries in pedogenic intensity in the northwestern and southeastern TP， i.e.，the Pamir Plateau-the Tianshan Mountains and the Qilian Mountains-the Hengduan Mountains， which correspond to the critical precipitation boundary between sub-humid to semi-arid and arid regions in the TP and its adjacent areas. Moreover， a comparison of several last glacial-interglacial loess sequences in the northeastern TP demonstrates that during the warm and humid interglacial periods， a steepened rainfall gradient occurred， which can be attributed to the ice sheet recession and increasing temperature and moisture cycles. These findings will provide foundation and boundary conditions for future paleoclimatic reconstructions and climate simulations in the Eurasian continent.
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