收稿日期: 2020-08-02
修回日期: 2020-09-30
网络出版日期: 2020-11-30
基金资助
国家自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金项目“变质岩年代学”(41925013)
Garnet Geochronology of Metamorphic Rocks
Received date: 2020-08-02
Revised date: 2020-09-30
Online published: 2020-11-30
Supported by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Metamorphic Petrochronology”(41925013)
准确厘定地质事件的绝对时间是地学最核心的内容之一，放射性同位素地质年代学是最为可靠的绝对定年方法。近半个世纪以来，国际上以固体岩石为定年对象的长周期定年体系的进展乏善可陈，基于石榴石的多同位素定年体系是近10多年来一个在理论和实践中得到长足发展的体系。因为含有多种长周期放射性同位素及其稳定的衰变产物，石榴石可以说是万能的地质年代学定年矿物。随着近些年的化学流程和质谱技术的进步，Sm-Nd和Lu-Hf体系逐渐从众多基于石榴石的定年体系中脱颖而出，成为基于石榴石首选的姊妹定年体系，为变质的时间和过程提供前所未有的分辨率。通过回顾和剖析石榴石姊妹定年体系的基础和发展，及其在获取和解释方面的优势、复杂性和存在的陷阱，指出今后发展的趋势和短期内潜在的突破点。
程昊 , 徐乃潇 . 基于石榴石的变质岩年代学[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020 , 35(10) : 991 -1005 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.089
The determination of the Pressure-Temperature-time （P-T-t） path of metamorphic rocks has an essential role in understanding the tectonic evolution of metamorphic rocks. Garnet has played a crucially important part in our understanding of metamorphic and tectonic processes and conditions. The potential of garnet geochronology in metamorphic rock studies lies in the use of the compositional zoning in garnet to elucidate quantitative P-T paths and the coupled application of multiple geochronometers to constrain the timescales of garnet growth. Garnet has long been the mineral of choice for metamorphic chronology because it hosts a remarkable number of long-lived radioactive isotopes and their stable decay products. These include： 238U， 235U and 232Th， which decay via intermediate steps to 206Pb， 207Pb and 208Pb， respectively； 87Rb， which decays to 87Sr； 176Lu， which decays to 176Hf； and 147Sm， which decays to 143Nd. This makes garnet one of the most versatile mineral phases available to geochronologists. As a result of advances in the techniques for sample preparation and measuring Nd-Hf isotopes by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry （TIMS） and Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry （MC-ICP-MS）， garnet Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd geochronology has been increasingly used to constrain the rates and timing of tectonometamorphic processes in orogenic studies over the last two decades. Metamorphic geochronologists have developed new techniques， such as microsampling， to link garnet ages with textural and petrological fingerprints of particular metamorphic processes， leading to major advances in petrogenesis and tectonics. When combined with petrographic and chemical observations， Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd ages in garnets are able to give unprecedented resolution of the timing and processes of metamorphism， although there are many potential pitfalls in the acquisition and interpretation of these data. This paper provides a brief review of the basic science and development of the garnet Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd systems， highlights the potential of garnet Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd geochronology， and reviews several crucial issues related to the complexities of interpretation of the radiometric ages. Examples， limitations， advantages and potential research directions are presented.
Key words： Geochronology; Garnet; Metamorphic rocks
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