地球科学进展

地球科学进展 >

2020 , Vol. 35 >Issue 9: 962 - 977

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.076

全球变化研究

南大洋海温长期变化研究进展

  • 龙上敏 ,
  • 刘秦玉 ,
  • 郑小童 ,
  • 程旭华 ,
  • 白学志 ,
  • 高臻
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  • 1.河海大学，自然资源部海洋灾害预报技术重点实验室，江苏 南京 210098
    2.河海大学，海洋学院，江苏 南京 210098
    3.中国海洋大学物理海洋实验室，海洋与大气相互作用与气候实验室，山东 青岛 266100
    4.青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室，山东 青岛 266100
龙上敏（1988-），男，湖南永州人，讲师，主要从事气候变化和海洋环流研究. E-mail:smlong@hhu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2020-07-16

  修回日期: 2020-08-15

  网络出版日期: 2020-10-28

基金资助

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“热带印度洋SST对全球变暖的慢响应过程”(41706026);国家重点研发计划项目“海洋—海冰参数和物理过程的观测数据集构建与模式评估”(2017YFA0604600)

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Research Progress of Long-term Ocean Temperature Changes in the Southern Ocean

  • Shangmin Long ,
  • Qinyu Liu ,
  • Xiaotong Zheng ,
  • Xuhua Cheng ,
  • Xuezhi Bai ,
  • Zhen Gao
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  • 1.Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting，Ministry of Natural Resources，Hohai University，Nanjing 210098，China
    2.College of Oceanography，Hohai University，Nanjing 210098，China
    3.Physical Oceanography Laboratory of Ocean University of China，Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory，Qingdao 266100，China
    4.Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology，Qingdao 266100，China
Long Shangmin (1988-), male, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, Lecturer. Research areas include large-scale climate change and ocean circulation. E-mail:smlong@hhu.edu.cn

Received date: 2020-07-16

  Revised date: 2020-08-15

  Online published: 2020-10-28

Supported by

the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Slow response of tropical Indian Ocean sea surface temperature to global warming”(41706026);The National Key Research and Development Program of China “Observational dataset construction and model evaluation of sea-ice parameters and physical processes”(2017YFA0604600)

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摘要

近几十年来，南大洋是全球吸热最显著、存储热量最多的洋盆，但其海温变化的机制以及演变过程至今还不清楚，因此南大洋成为近年来气候变化研究的热点海域。通过回顾有关南大洋海温长期变化的观测事实和模式模拟的研究结果，介绍了前人研究中有关风场、表面热通量、海冰等不同因素在南大洋海温变化中的作用，以及海洋平均环流、海洋涡旋等海洋内部动力过程对南大洋海温的调整机制，并提出从海洋对外辐射强迫的快、慢时间尺度响应这一角度来全面理解南大洋海温的变化机理和演变过程。最后结合目前的研究现状和未来需要深入研究的问题进行了探讨和展望，以期推动在气候变化背景下对南大洋内部响应过程本质的认识和其气候效应方面的研究。

关键词： 南大洋; 气候变化; 快、慢响应; 上升流; 涡旋

本文引用格式

龙上敏 , 刘秦玉 , 郑小童 , 程旭华 , 白学志 , 高臻 . 南大洋海温长期变化研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020 , 35(9) : 962 -977 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.076

Abstract

In the recent decades， a large amount of anthropogenic heat has been absorbed and stored in the Southern Ocean. Results from observations and climate models' simulations both show that the Southern Ocean displays large warming in the upper and subsurface ocean that maximizes at 45°~40°S. However， the underlying mechanisms and evolution processes of the Southern Ocean temperature changes remain unclear， leaving the Southern Ocean to be a hotspot of climate change studies in the recent years. The present study summarized the current progress in the observations and numerical modeling of long-term temperature changes in the Southern Ocean. The effects of changes in wind， surface heat flux， sea-ice and other factors on the ocean temperature changes were presented， along with the introduction to the role of oceanic mean circulation and eddies. The present study further proposed that a deepening of the understanding in the Southern Ocean temperature change may be achieved by investigating the fast and slow responses of the Southern Ocean to external radiative forcing， which are respectively associated with the fast adjustments of the ocean mixed-layer and the slow evolution of the deep ocean. Specifically， the striking and fast mixed-layer ocean warming north of 50°S is tightly related to the surface heat absorption over upwelling regions and wind-driven meridional heat transport， resulting in enhanced warming around 45°S. While in the slow response of the Southern Ocean temperature， the enhanced ocean warming shifts southward and downward， mainly associating with the heat transfer from oceanic eddies. The Southern Ocean temperature has pronounced climatic effects on many aspects， such as global energy balance， sea-level rise， ocean stratification changes， regional surface warming and atmospheric circulation changes. However， large model biases/deficiencies in simulating the present-day climatology and essential ocean dynamic processes last in generations of climate models， which are the main challenge in advancing our understanding in the mechanisms for the Southern Ocean climate changes. Therefore， to achieve reliable future projections of the Southern Ocean climate， substantial efforts will be needed to improve the model performances and physical understanding in the relative role of various processes in ocean temperature changes at different time scales.

Key words： Southern Ocean; Climate change; Fast and slow responses; Upwelling; Eddies.

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