收稿日期: 2019-06-19
修回日期: 2019-08-10
网络出版日期: 2019-11-15
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重大研究计划集成项目“南海深海沉积过程与机制”(91528304);国家重点研发计划项目“南海南部巽他陆架沉积古环境演变”(2018YFE0202402)
Research Progress on Source-to-Sink Transport Processes of Marine Microplastics
Received date: 2019-06-19
Revised date: 2019-08-10
Online published: 2019-11-15
Supported by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Deep-sea sedimentation process and mechanism in the South China Sea”(91528304);The National Key Research and Development Program of China “Evolution of sedimentary environment and paleoclimate of the Sunda shelf in southern South China Sea”(2018YFE0202402)
海洋微塑料是全球性的环境问题和挑战，受到了国际社会的广泛关注。然而，现阶段研究主要集中在调查海洋表层微塑料丰度及生态效应，对深海环境中微塑料的分布和沉积搬运过程认识不足。通过总结近10年海洋微塑料的相关研究，综述了海洋微塑料来源、分布以及从源到汇的搬运过程。实地调查表明，海洋表层和水柱都是海洋微塑料的重要聚集区，而深海表层沉积物却是海洋微塑料最终沉积聚集的汇。海洋微塑料搬运到深海沉积汇的过程包括2种方式：垂向沉降和侧向搬运。实验室模拟表明，海洋中微塑料颗粒沉降速率为300～1 000 m/d，沉降过程除了受控于颗粒密度等物理学性质外，还受海洋动力过程、生物作用和海洋雪聚集等因素的影响。沉积在海底的微塑料则可以随再悬浮沉积物向深海侧向运移，该过程与内波、深海浊流或气候事件等因素有关。但是，微塑料向深海搬运的速率和数量等问题远未解决，不利于全面理解海洋微塑料从源到汇的搬运和沉积过程。因此，建议利用分层沉积物捕集器原位观测微塑料的沉降通量，以便开展深海微塑料源汇搬运过程研究。
张晓栋 , 刘志飞 , 张艳伟 , 赵玉龙 . 海洋微塑料源汇搬运过程的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019 , 34(9) : 936 -949 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.09.0936
Microplastics in marine environment are global environmental issue and challenge and have received an extensive international concern. At present, most of researches focus on the investigation of microplastic abundance in the ocean surface water, and there is insufficient understanding of the distribution and transport processes of microplastics in the deep-sea environment. This paper reviewed marine microplastic studies carried out in the last decade, and summarized the source, global distribution and transport processes of microplastics. Field investigations showed that both surface water and water column were important accumulation areas for microplastics, while deep-sea surface sediments were final sinks for microplastic deposition and accumulation. Transport of microplastics to the deep sea included two modes: vertical settlement and lateral transport. Laboratory simulation showed that the sinking rate of microplastic particles in the ocean changed between 300 and 1 000 meters per day, and the sinking process was not solely controlled by particle physical properties such as particle density, but also influenced by ocean dynamic process, biological action and marine snow aggregation. Microplastics deposited on the seafloor could migrate laterally towards the deep sea with resuspended sediments, which were related to internal waves, deep-sea turbidity current or climatic events. However, there remain the key knowledge gaps in uncertain speed and quantity of microplastics moving to the deep sea, which is not conducive to the comprehensive understanding of the microplastic transport process from source to sink. Therefore, it is recommended to observe the vertical sinking flux of microplastics with layered sediment traps in order to study the source-to-sink transport processes of microplastics in deep-sea environment.
Key words： Microplastics; Transport process; Source-to-sink; Deep-sea environment.
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