通过对1979—2016年中国积雪深度数据提取积雪日数,结合气温、降水量、湿度、风速和日照等气象资料,利用传统统计学方法和GIS空间分析方法研究东北地区近40 年来积雪日数的时空变化特征,并分析其与气候要素的关系。结果表明:近40 年来东北地区年均积雪日数均值为93天,呈增加趋势,速率为0.6 d/10a,最大年均积雪日数出现在2013年。春季平均积雪日数主导了全年平均积雪日数的变化情况。受纬度、地形和海陆热力差异的影响,东北地区积雪日数由北到南逐渐减少,最高值出现在北部大兴安岭地区。降水量与积雪日数呈正相关,气温与其呈负相关。年尺度上来看气候要素与积雪日数相关性大小为:气温>湿度>降水>风速>日照。气温是影响东北地区年均积雪日数的主要因素。

The snow cover days were extracted out of the snow data on depth distribution from 1979 to 2016 in China, combined with temperature, precipitation, humidity, sunlight and wind speed and other meteorological data, by taking advantage of traditional statistical methods and GIS spatial analysis methods, to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of snow cover days in northeast China region in the past 40 years, and to analyze their relationship with climatic factors. It turned out that the average annual snow cover days were 93 d in northeast China region, having an increasing trend, the rate was 0.6 d/10a, and the maximum average annual snow cover days appeared in 2013. Snow cover days in spring dominate the changes of the average snow days all year around. The snow cover days in northeast China region were affected by latitude, geography and land-sea thermal difference, which gradually decreased from north to south, and the maximum value appeared in the Da Hinggan area. Precipitation, humidity and snow cover days are positive correlation, and temperature, wind speed and sunlight are negative correlation. The correlation between climatic elements and snow cover days is as follows: temperature>humidity>wind speed>sunlight>precipitation. The influence of climatic elements on the seasonally frozen ground region is more significant than that in the permafrost region. The results show that temperature is the main factor that affects the average annual snow cover days in northeast China region.