2014年6月《特别重大自然灾害损失统计制度》(以下简称《统计制度》)的出台标志着中国重特大自然灾害损失统计与评估正式进入制度化建设的新阶段。在分析破坏、损失和需求评估(DaLA)、美国国家多灾种评估系统(HAZUS-MH)、澳大利亚应急管理署灾害损失评估(EMA-DLA)、灾害社会经济与环境影响评估(ECLAC) 和灾后需求评估(PDNA)等5个国际主流灾害损失评估体系的基础上,从统计与评估内容和指标2个方面对比了《统计制度》与国外体系的差异。结合近年来中国重特大灾害损失统计与评估实践和国外体系的特色,从丰富与完善损失统计内容框架、分步改进灾害影响评估方法、完善损失统计的指标与参数等3个方面提出了未来发展展望。研究对改进重特大自然灾害损失统计与评估体系,更好地服务于灾后恢复重建决策具有重要的现实意义。

In June 2014, the "Statistics System for the Damage and Loss of Large-scale Natural Disasters" (SSDLLND) was issued by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Office of National Disaster Reduction Committee, which marked that the statistics and assessment of China's catastrophic natural disaster damage and losses formally entered a new stage of institutionalization. On the basis of analyzing the five major international disaster damage and loss assessment systems, including HAZUS-MH, ECLAC, DaLA, EMA-DLA and PDNA, the differences between the “SSDLLND” of China and five major international systems were compared from the statistics and assessment contents and indicators. Combined with the statistics and assessment practices of China’s large-scale disaster damage and losses and the characteristics of international systems in recent years, the future development of the SSDLLND were proposed in three aspects: Enriching and improving the framework of damage and loss statistics content, stepwise improvement of disaster impact assessment methods (such as the ecological capital loss assessment, tourism industry loss assessment due to the disasters, etc.), and improving indicators and parameters of loss statistics. The study has an important practical significance for improving the statistics and assessment system of the damage and loss of major natural disasters and better serving the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction decision-making.