大气环流异常是造成天气和气候变化的直接原因。以往对大气环流形势和中国降水关系的研究绝大部分是在对大气环流形势进行主观分型和进一步诊断的基础上来研究两者的联系。相对于对大气环流形势的主观分析,客观分型方法采用的指标更一致、标准更统一,能够得到较多的大气环流类型,目前得到了较为广泛的应用。利用欧洲中期数值天气预报中心提供的1979—2016年的再分析资料(ERA-Interim),通过选择逐日12UTC的海平面气压、可降水量和700 hPa风速3个变量, 应用倾斜旋转T模态主成分分析方法对中国区域内的大气环流进行了客观分型,并进一步分析了不同大气环流类型与中国区域降水之间的联系。结果表明,不同大气环流类型对中国区域降水趋势和降水量的影响不仅在空间上存在差异,而且在季节上也不尽相同。总体表现为大气环流类型对降水量大的区域和降水量多的月份影响较大,而对降水量小的区域和降水少的月份的影响较小。此外,与环流类型发生频次对中国降水的影响相比,大气环流类型发生频次不变的背景下降水强度变化对中国降水趋势的影响更加显著。

Atmospheric circulation anomaly is a direct cause of weather and climate change. In the past, most researches for the relationship between Weather Type (WT) and precipitation have mainly focused on the subjective classification and diagnosis. Compared to the subjective analysis, objective classification uses more consistent index and standard unification, thus, we can get more WTs, and it has been widely used in many areas. By using daily 12UTC Sea Level Pressure (SLP), Precipitable Water (PW), and 700 hPa wind speed (UV700) data from ECMWF’s Interim Reanalysis, the classification of WTs over China was performed with the method of obliquely rotated T-mode principle component analysis. WT and its link to precipitation over China were further analyzed. The results show that the influence of different WTs on precipitation is not uniform over China, and also show distinctly difference in different seasons. A common feature is that WTs great impact on the regions and months with large precipitation, while less impact on regions and months have with less precipitation. In addition, precipitation trends originating from WT intensity changes are much more deterministic, significant, and predictable than trends from WT frequency changes.