作者简介:方家松(1961-),男,湖北洪湖人,教授,主要从事海洋微生物学和生物地球化学研究.E-mail:jsfang@shou.edu.cn
收稿日期: 2017-10-16
修回日期: 2017-11-28
网络出版日期: 2018-03-06
基金资助
*国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目“评价嗜高压细菌在南海深部碳循环中的作用”(编号:91328208);国家自然科学基金面上项目“深海和深部生物圈革兰氏阳性嗜高细菌在脂类化合物生物合成过程中的碳同位素分馏”(编号:41673085)资助.
版权
Thirty Years of the Seafloor CORK Borehole Observatories: Development, Applications and Future Perspective
First author:Fang Jiasong(1961-),male, Honghu City, Hubei Province, Professor. Research areas include marine microbiology and biogeochemistry.E-mail:jsfang@shou.edu.cn
Received date: 2017-10-16
Revised date: 2017-11-28
Online published: 2018-03-06
Supported by
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Assess the role of piezophilic bacteria in carbon cycle of the South China Sea”(No.91328208) and “Carbon isotope fractionation in biosynthesis of lipids by gram-positive piezophilic bacteria from the deep sea and the deep biosphere”(No.41673085).
Copyright
过去50年深海钻探计划(DSDP)、大洋钻探计划(ODP)及综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)等国际间综合深海钻探计划的实施,使我们对地球和海洋的认识取得了显著进步。海底井控观测装置(CORK)的研发和应用是上述深海钻探计划带给我们的最宝贵财富之一。目前地球科学和海洋科学已由过去的间断性观测模式升级为现在的连续性原位观测模式,海底CORK观测系统为地球科学、海洋科学与生命科学领域的科学家对海底洋壳复杂而又相互关联的深部过程进行数秒至数十年时间尺度的研究提供了新手段和新机遇。通过对海底CORK观测系统的发展演变、在ODP和IODP航次中的使用以及在此过程中获得的科学经验和教训进行总结,对CORK系统如何应用于我国洋壳地质学、水文学、微生物学及生物地球化学过程研究提出看法。
方家松 , 李江燕 , 张利 . 海底CORK观测30年:发展、应用与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017 , 32(12) : 1297 -1306 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.12.1297
In the past 50 years, we have witnessed remarkable progress in our understanding of the Earth and ocean system, as a result of the internationally integrated deep ocean drilling programs, the Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP), the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), and the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). One of the legacies of the deep ocean drilling programs is the development and applications of the CORK, Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit. Earth and ocean sciences have been shifting from a traditional discontinuous, expeditionary mode toward a mode of sustained in situ observations today. The seafloor CORK observatories offer Earth, ocean and life scientists new opportunities to study multiple, interrelated deep marine subsurface processes, over time scales ranging from seconds to decades. Here, we first provided a concise examination of the development history of the CORKs, then described the first installations of ODP CORKs, the evolution of different models of CORK, and finally, summarized the scientific lessons learned in the installation and operation effort of the CORKs. In the end, we offered our perspectives on using CORKs to study geological, hydrogeological, microbiological, and biogeochemical processes in the deep marine subsurface biosphere, particularly pertaining to China’s efforts in establishing and enhancing its deep-sea and deep-biosphere research and monitoring programs.
Key words： CORK; Seafloor observatories; Oceanic crust; Deep-sea drilling.
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