介绍了“中国积雪特性及分布调查”的背景、科学目标、调查内容及方案。调查的总体目标是建立中国全面而系统的积雪特性数据库,服务于气候变化、水资源调查和积雪灾害的数据需求。调查将从历史资料整编、典型积雪区积雪特性地面调查以及积雪遥感调查等方面展开。历史资料的整编包括收集气象站以及各单位已开展的积雪特性观测资料,并按照一定的规范进行整编;典型积雪区地面调查主要是在东北地区、新疆地区和青藏高原开展不同季节的积雪特性调查,以点、线、面3种方式开展,观测内容包括雪深、雪密度、雪水当量、积雪形态、表层硬度、液态水含量、雪粒径、雪层温度、雪土界面温度、介电常数以及积雪的若干化学特性;遥感积雪调查将利用地面调查的积雪特性信息改进已有的积雪参数反演算法,建立中国长序列的积雪面积、反照率以及雪水当量数据集。最终,利用地面和遥感调查所获取的积雪特性及分布数据集对中国进行积雪类型划分,并生产系列积雪特性及专题分布图。

The background, scientific objective, investigation contents and scheme of project “Investigation on snow characteristics and their distribution in China” was introduced in this paper. The general objective of the investigation is to build comprehensive and systematic database of snow characteristics in China, at the service of providing data for the climate change, water resource and snow disaster studies. The investigation will be performed on the three fields including the compilation of historical data, in situ measurement of snow characteristics in the typical regions, and investigation of snow characteristics using remote sensing methods. For the compilation of historical data, the historical snow data from the meteorological stations and research institutes will be firstly collected, and then they will be compiled based on a standard rule. In situ observation will be performed at point, line and area-scale on the typical regions which include Northeast region, Xinjiang Degion, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The observation content will contain snow depth, snow density, snow water equivalent, snow particle shape, hardness of snowpack surface, liquid water content, grain size, snow temperature, snow/soil temperature, dielectric constant, and some chemical parameters. These snow characteristics are the priority information used for the modification of retrieval algorithm on snow parameters. Remote sensing methods will be used to build long-time series of snow cover, snow albedo and snow water equivalent datasets based on these modified algorithms. Finally, the snow characteristics from both in situ and remote sensing investigation will be used to classify snow types in China, and produce distribution maps of snow characteristic and other thematic maps.