中国是滑坡和泥石流灾害频发和灾害损失严重的国家,滑坡和泥石流灾害风险评价对区域防灾减灾意义重大。以1 km×1 km栅格为基本评价单元,在GIS技术支持下,对比分析2000年和2010年中国滑坡和泥石流灾害风险分布及其空间变化。结果表明,2000年滑坡和泥石流灾害风险大致以黑河—腾冲人口密度分界线为界,界线西部以低度风险区为主,界限东部以中度和高度风险区为主。2010年低度风险区仍以此为界主要分布在中国西部,但高度风险区已明显越过界线向西扩展。10年跨度间,中度风险区、高度风险区和极高风险区面积均有增加,尤其以高度风险区面积比例增加最大。反之,低度风险区面积则大为减少并转变升高为中度风险区,中度风险区是各风险等级中变化面积最大、最不稳定且最为敏感的区域。由于高度风险区所占面积和比例较小,因此,除局部地区以外,整体上中国目前尚不属于滑坡和泥石流灾害高风险地区。随着未来10年中国经济的中高速发展,灾害易损度进一步升高,地区间经济差距逐步缩小,高度易损区与高度危险区重叠部分将逐步增大,因此中国滑坡和泥石流灾害风险将会继续升高,灾害风险变化总体形势趋于严峻。

Landslides and debris flows occurr in China frequently and cause disastrous losses of life and property. The risk assessment of landslides and debris flows and their spatial variations were comparatively analyzed in this paper, which has great significance for disaster prevention. This article selected 1 km×1 km grid as the assessment unit and with support of GIS technique, analyzed landslide and debris-flow risk distribution and their spatial variations from 2000 to 2010. The research results indicated that the spatial distribution of risk classes in 2000 and 2010 was obviously discrepant. Overall, taking the Heihe-Tengchong population density line as the boundary, the west of the line is mainly low risk area; the east of the line is mainly high risk area. Compared with the risk of 2000, the risk values of 2010 increased, with the high risk area and low risk area enlarged, moderate risk area reduced. The moderate risk area is the most unstable and sensitive risk area, and its risk class variation is significant. However, China is not a region with the high risk of landslide and debris-flow hazard at present. In the following next 10 years, the risk of landslides and debris flows in China will continue to increase.