中印两国作为两大发展中国家和人口大国,面临着发展经济和应对气候变化的双重挑战,两国均在积极开展碳减排,印度还承受着“被对标”中国的压力。以中印两国为对照分析样本,以长序列统计值为基础分析数据,在详细分析比较碳排放历程的基础上,从经济发展情况、能源储量及消费情况等多个维度对比分析两国碳排放面临的形势,围绕中印两国的碳减排目标,测算和比较了目标实现后的碳排放强度和能源结构。比较结果表明:中国碳排放总量大于印度,但排放总量增速、人均排放增速均明显低于印度,碳排放强度下降速度明显快于印度;中国承诺的碳减排的努力大于印度。但随着印度能源结构的不断调整,将逐步优于中国。

As the two large developing and populous countries, China and India face the dual challenges of economic development and climate change. Both of them are active in carbon emissions reduction, while India also bears the pressure of being “benchmarked” against China. With taking China and India as the sample of a comparative analysis, and the statistical value of a long sequence as the basic analysis data, based on the detailed analysis and comparison of carbon emissions history, the carbon emissions situation of the two countries from various dimensions including economic development, energy reserves and consumption, etc. were comparatively analyzed. The carbon intensity and energy structure after achieving the objectives were measured and compared by focusing on the carbon emissions reduction targets in China and India. The comparative results show that: China’s total carbon emissions are greater than India’s, but the growth rate of emissions, per capita emissions are significantly lower than India’s, while the carbon intensity decreases significantly faster than that of India. China has taken more efforts to make commitments to carbon reduction than India. With India’s energy structure adjustment, the situation will be gradually better than that in China.