海底地热通量对海洋深层温度和环流的长期影响

  • 刘泽栋 ,
  • 万修全 ,
  • 刘福凯
展开
  • 1.中国海洋大学海洋环境学院海洋系,中国海洋大学,山东 青岛 266100
    2.中国海洋大学物理海洋教育部重点实验室,中国海洋大学,山东 青岛 266100

作者简介:刘泽栋(1987-),男,山东潍坊人,博士研究生,主要从事物理海洋学研究. E-mail: zdliu@ouc.edu.cn

网络出版日期: 2014-10-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目“天气噪声对大西洋经向翻转环流变异的作用”(编号:41276013);国家自然科学基金创新群体项目“海洋动力过程的演变机理及其在气候变化中的作用(二期)”(编号:41221063)资助

版权

, 2014,

Long-term Impact of Geothermal Heat Flux on the Deep Ocean Temperature and Circulation

  • Zedong Liu ,
  • Xiuquan Wan ,
  • Fukai Liu
Expand
  • 1. Department of Oceanography, College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
    2.Physical Oceanography Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

Online published: 2014-10-20

Copyright

地球科学进展 编辑部, 2014, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

摘要

虽然地球海底地热通量在全球热能收支平衡中所占的比例非常低,在目前的海洋气候模式开发中也并没有将其包含在内,但是由于海底地热通量可以持续改变海洋的浮力而影响海水层结,进而影响海洋温度分布以及环流等海洋水文要素,并且可以进一步影响海水的化学性质、碳氮的分布循环以及生物分布等,因此其对海洋环流和气候变化长期影响的潜在可能性仍不能完全排除。在通用地球系统耦合模式(CESM)的基础上,通过在全球大洋中脊区域持续加入1 W/m2的地热通量的方式运行了长达5000年的数值模拟实验,模式结果显示:海底地热通量对深层海洋的物理性质和全球海洋环流的长期影响是不可忽略的;受地热通量的局地加热效应影响,大洋深层3000~3500 m 总体升温约0.4 ℃;在南大洋和北大西洋的深层水形成区域,海洋深层的增温信号可以影响到表层海洋。北大西洋深层水和南极底层水形成增强,并且模拟的北大西洋深层水的深度加深,更符合观测结果。

本文引用格式

刘泽栋 , 万修全 , 刘福凯 . 海底地热通量对海洋深层温度和环流的长期影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014 , 29(10) : 1167 -1174 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.10.1167

Abstract

Although Geothermal Heat Flux (GHF) through the seafloor has a trivial contribution to the oceanic heat budget balance, and is excluded in the development of most climate models, its potential effect on long-term ocean circulation and climate change may not be ignored. The GHF could be as a continuously buoyancy forcing and changes ocean stratification, affects the ocean temperature distribution as well as the ocean circulation and other hydrological elements, and further affects the chemical properties of seawater, carbon and nitrogen cycle and biological distribution, etc. Here we presented a 5000-year sensitivity experiment with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) by adding geothermal heat flux of 1 W/m2 at the seafloor near the Mid-ocean ridge. The numerical results suggested that the long-term impact of GHF on deep ocean circulation and physical characters was not to be neglected. Comparing to the control experiment, the local geothermal heating contributed to an overall warming of deep waters (between 3 000~3 500 m) by 0.4 ℃, with the maximum warming of 0.85 ℃ at the southeast Pacific Ocean. It then further decreased the stability of the water column, enhanced the formation rates of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), and strengthend the corresponding Meridional Overturning Circulations (MOC) by 1.7 Sv and 3.7 Sv, respectively. In the sensitivity experiment, the penetration depth of NADW also increased to the depth of 3 000~3 500 m, which was closer to observations. At the deep water formation region of North Atlantic and Southern Ocean, the GHF-induced warming signals could even reach to sea surface.

参考文献

[1] Scott J R, Marotzke J, Adcroft A. Geothermal heating and its influence on the meridional overturning circulation[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans(1978-2012), 2001, 106(C12): 31141-31154.
[2] Adcroft A, Scott J R, Marotzke J. Impact of geothermal heating on the global ocean circulation[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2001, 28(9): 1735-1738.
[3] Emile-Geay J, Madec G. Geothermal heating, diapycnal mixing and the abyssal circulation[J]. Ocean Science, 2009, 5:203-217.
[4] Hofmann M, Maqueda M. Geothermal heat flux and its influence on the oceanic abyssal circulation and radiocarbon distribution[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2009, 36(3):L03603, doi:10.1029/2008GL036078.
[5] Dutay J C, Emile-Geay J, Iudicone D, et al. Helium isotopic constraints on simulated ocean circulations: Implications for abyssal theories[J]. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2010, 10(1/2): 257-273.
[6] Mashayek A, Ferrari R, Vettoretti G, et al. The role of the geothermal heat flux in driving the abyssal ocean circulation[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2013, 40(12): 3144-3149.
[7] Liu Houzan, Liu Hui, Yu Yongqiang. Numerical simulation of El Niño events induced by the activity of volcano and hot spot at the ocean floor[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 1998, 56(5):602-610.
[7] [刘厚赞, 刘辉, 俞永强. 海底火山喷发引发厄尔尼诺事件的数值模拟[J].气象学报,1998,56(5):602-610.]
[8] Sclater J G, Jaupart C, Galson D. The heat flow through oceanic and continental crust and the heat loss of the Earth[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 1980, 18(1): 269-311.
[9] Stein C A, Stein S. A model for the global variation in oceanic depth and heat flow with lithospheric age[J]. Nature, 1992, 359(6391): 123-129.
[10] Stein C A, Stein S, Pelayo A M. Heat flow and hydrothermal circulation[J]. Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological and Geological Interactions, 1995, 91: 425-445.
[11] Pollack H N, Hurter S J, Johnson J R. Heat flow from the Earth’s interior: Analysis of the global data set[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 1993, 31(3): 267-280.
[12] Huang R X. Mixing and energetics of the oceanic thermohaline circulation[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1999, 29(4): 727-746.
[13] Macdonald A M. The global ocean circulation: A hydrographic estimate and regional analysis[J]. Progress in Oceanography, 1998, 41(3): 281-382.
[14] Huang R X, Jin X. Deep circulation in the South Atlantic induced by bottom-intensified mixing over the midocean ridge[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2002, 32(4):1150-1164.
[15] Adkins J F, Ingersoll A P, Pasquero C. Rapid climate change and conditional instability of the glacial deep ocean from the thermobaric effect and geothermal heating[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2005, 24(5): 581-594.
[16] Mullarney J C, Griffiths R W, Hughes G O. The effects of geothermal heating on the ocean overturning circulation[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, 33(2): L02607, doi:10.1029/2005GL024956.
[17] Roussenov V, Williams R G, Follows M J, et al. Role of bottom water transport and diapycnic mixing in determining the radiocarbon distribution in the Pacific[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004, 109(C6): C06015, doi:10.1029/2003JC002188.
[18] Wang Bin, Zhou Tianjun, Yu Yongqiang. A perspective on Earth system model development[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2008, 66(6): 857-869.
[18] [王斌, 周天军, 俞永强. 地球系统模式发展展望[J]. 气象学报, 2008, 66(6): 857-869.]
[19] Wan Xiuquan,Liu Zedong,Shen Biao,et al. Introduction to the community Earth system model and application to high performance computing[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2014, 29(4):482-491, doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.04.0482.
[19] [万修全,刘泽栋,沈飙,等. 地球系统模式CESM 及其在高性能计算机上的配置应用实例[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(4):482-491, doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.04.0482.]
[20] Cox M D. An idealized model of the world ocean. Part I: The global-scale water masses[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1989, 19(11): 1730-1752.
[21] Lumpkin R, Speer K. Global ocean meridional overturning[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2007, 37(10): 2550-2562.
[22] Ma Hao, Wang Zhaomin, Shi Jiuxin. The role of the Southern Ocean physical processes in global climate system[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2012, 27(4): 398-412.
[22] [马浩,王召民,史久新. 南大洋物理过程在全球气候系统中的作用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(4): 398-412.]
[23] Toggweiler J R, Samuels B. Effect of drake passage on the global thermohaline circulation[J]. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 1995, 42(4): 477-500.
[24] Zhang R, Delworth T L. Simulated tropical response to a substantial weakening of the Atlantic Thermocline Circulation[J]. Journal of Climate, 2005, 18:1853-1860.
[25] Wan X Q, Chang P, Saravanan R, et al. On the interpretation of Caribbean paleo-temperature reconstructions during the Younger Dryas[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2009, 36: L02701, doi:10.1029/2008GL035805.
文章导航

/