收稿日期: 2012-04-05
修回日期: 2012-06-27
网络出版日期: 2012-09-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目“最近2.1万年气候快速变化的综合地质记录及时空对比研究”(编号：41023006)；中国科学院国家外国专家局创新团队国际伙伴计划“亚洲季风—干旱环境演化中的突变事件、环境效应及机理”(编号：KZZD-EW-TZ-03)；黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金项目“黄土10Be样品野外采集及古气候代用指标的测试”(编号：SKLLQG07015)资助.
Brunhes-Matuyama Polarity Reversal Records and Discussion on Its Recording Phase Lag between Ocean and Terrestrial Sediment
Received date: 2012-04-05
Revised date: 2012-06-27
Online published: 2012-09-10
布容—松山(B/M)极性倒转事件是第四纪发生的最近一次地磁极性倒转，研究地磁极性倒转的特征不仅对理解地磁场演化规律具有重要意义，同时极性倒转通常具有全球等时性，因此常被视为地层划分和全球气候对比的关键时间标记物。然而古地磁研究表明，布容—松山事件在海洋与中国黄土沉积物中的记录存在着“错位”现象，使得基于磁性地层年代框架下的中国黄土—古土壤序列与全球气候记录之间的对比存在不确定性。基于这一问题，重点回顾了B/M倒转事件在海洋与中国黄土沉积物中的研究历史及现状，总结分析了已有对该事件在海陆沉积记录中的“错位”现象不同解释之间的差异；此外，还介绍了最近几年利用中国黄土中的宇宙成因核素10Be记录示踪地磁场变化的新进展，进一步探讨了利用10Be示踪结合古地磁分析手段解决中国黄土中B/M事件记录与海洋沉积物存在“错位”现象的可能性。
关键词： B/M倒转事件; 时间标记物; 第四纪; 地磁场; 宇宙成因核素10Be
孔祥辉 , 周卫健 , 鲜 锋 , 武振坤 . 布容—松山极性倒转事件的海陆地质记录及其不同步性探讨[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012 , 27(9) : 937 -946 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2012.09.0937
he Brunhes-Matuyama (B/M) reversal is the most recent happened geomagnetic polarity reversal since the Quaternary period. The polarity reversal is considered as occurring synchronously around the world and so is a key time marker which can be used to divide the stratigraphic sequences and correlating climatic proxies between different sediments. It is also very important for understanding the variation in the geomagnetic field. However, the paleomagnetic studies have revealed that the records of B/M reversal in Chinese loesspaleosol and the marine sediments are not synchronous, there is an time/climatic “offset” between these two sediments. The “offset” both leads to a challenge for the certainties of correlation between Chinese loesspaleosol sequences and the global climate records based on the paleomagnetic time scale. To discuss this “offset” question, this paper intends to review the study history and recent progress on the B/M reversal event in marine and Chinese loess sediments, and to evaluate the possible explanations of this “offset” phenomenon. In addition, the paper also introduces the recent progress of paleogeomagnetic field variation studies traced by cosmogenic nuclide 10Be in Chinese loess, suggesting the feasibility of combining the 10Be with paleomagnetic analysis to trace the exact position of B/M event recorded in Chinese loess.
[1]Zhu Gangkun. Paleogeomagnetism—Basis, Principle, Method, Achievement and Application[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2005.[朱岗崑. 古地磁学——基础、原理、方法、成果与应用[M]. 北京：科学出版社, 2005.]
[2]Laj C, Channell J E T. Geomagnetic Excursions[M].Elsevier, 2007: 373-416.
[3]Cox A, Doell R R, Dalrymple G B. Reversals of the Earth’s magnetic field[J]. Science,1964, 144(3 626): 1 537-1 543.
[4]Raisbeck G M, Yiou F, Cattani O, et al. 10Be evidence for the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic reversal in the EPICA Dome C ice core[J]. Nature, 2006, 444: 82-84.
[5]Tauxe L, Herbert T, Shackleton N J, et al. Astronomical calibration of the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary: Consequences for magnetic remanence acquisition in marine carbonates and the Asian loess sequences[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1996, 140(1/4): 133-146.
[6]Zhu R X, Laj C, Mazaud A. The Matuyama-Brunhes and Upper Jaramillo transitions recorded in a loess section at Weinan, north-certral China[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1994, 125: 143-158.
[7]Zhou L P, Shackleton N J. Misleading positions of geomagnetic reversal boundaries in Eurasian loess and implications for correlation between continental and marine sedimentary sequences[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1999, 168: 117-130.
[8]Zhu Rixiang, Pan Yongxin, Guo Bin, et al. A recording phase lag between ocean and continent climate changes: Constrained by the Matuyama/Brunhes polarity boundary[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,1998, 43(11): 1 131-1 134.[朱日祥, 潘永信, 郭斌, 等. 海陆气候变化记录相滞后：松山—布容极性转换约束[J]. 科学通报, 1998, 43(11): 1 131-1 134.]
[9]Cox A, Doell R R, Dalrymple G B. Geomagnetic polarity epochs and Pleistocene geochronometry[J]. Nature, 1963, 198(4 885): 1 049-1 051.
[10]Cox A. Geomagnetic reversals[J]. Science, 1969, 163(3 864): 237-245.
[11]Mankinen E A, Dalrymple G B. Revised geomagnetic polarity time scale for the interval 0-5 m.y. B.P.[J]. Journal Geophysical Research, 1979, 84(B2): 615-626.
[12]Heller F, Liu T S. Magnetostratigraphical dating of loess deposits in China[J]. Nature, 1982, 300: 431-433.
[13]Ruddiman W F, Raymo M E, Martinson D G, et al. Pleistocene evolution: Northern hemisphere ice sheets and North Atlantic ocean[J].Paleoceanography,1989, 4(4): 353-412.
[14]Yang Liekun, Wang Fei, He Huaiyu, et al. Achievements and limitations of 40Ar/39Ar dating on young volcanic rocks[J].Seismology and Geology,2009,31(1): 174-185. [杨列坤, 王非, 贺怀宇, 等. 年轻火山岩氩同位素体系定年技术最新进展及问题[J]. 地震地质, 2009, 31(1): 174-185.]
[15]Baksi A K, Hsu V, McWilliams M O, et al. 40Ar/39Ar Dating of the Brunhes-Matuyama geomagnetic field reversal[J].Science, 1992, 256(5 055): 356-357.
[16]Spell T L, McDougall I. Revisions to the age of the Brunhes-Matuyama Boundary and the Pleistocene geomagnetic polarity timescale[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1992, 19(12): 1 181-1 184.
[17]Singer B S, Pringle M S. Age and duration of the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic polarity reversal from 40Ar/ 39Ar incremental heating analyses of lavas[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1996, 139: 47-61.
[18]Singer B S, Hoffman K A, Chauvin A, et al. Dating transitionnally magnetized lavas of the late Matuyama Chron: Toward a new 40Ar/39Ar timescale of reversals and events[J]. Jounal of Geophysical Research, 1999, 104(B1): 679-693.
[19]Singer B S, Hoffman K A, Coe R S, et al. Structural and temporal requirements for geomagnetic field reversal deduced from lava flows[J]. Nature, 2005, 434: 633-636.
[20]Emiliani C. Pleistocene temperatures[J]. The Journal of Geology, 1955, 63 (6): 538-578.
[21]Hays J D, Imbrie J, Shckleton N J. Variations in the Earth’s Orbit: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages[J]. Science, 1976, 194(4 270): 1 121-1 132.
[22]Shackleton N J, Opdyke N D. Oxygen isotope and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy of Equatorial Pacific core V28-238: Oxygen isotope temperatures and ice volumes on a 105 year and 106 year scale[J]. Quaternary Research, 1973, 3: 39-55.
[23]Shackleton N J, Opdyke N D. Oxygen isotope and palaeomagnetic evidence for early Northern Hemisphere glaciation[J]. Nature, 1977, 270: 216-219.
[24]Imbrie J, Hays J D, Martinson D G, et al. The Orbital Theory of Pleistocene Climate: Support from a Revised Chronology of the Marine δ18O Record[M]. Dordrecht:D. Reidel Publishing, 1984.
[25]Martinson D G, Pisias N G, Hays J D, et al. Age dating and the orbital theory of the ice ages: Development of a high-resolution 0 to 300,000-year chronostratigraphy[J]. Quaternary Research, 1987, 27: 1-29.
[26]Raymo M E, Ruddiman W F, Backman J, et al. Late Pliocene variation in northern hemisphere ice sheets and North Atlantic deep water circulation[J]. Paleoceanography, 1989, 4(4): 413-446.
[27]Shackleton N J, Berger A, Peltier W R. An alternative astronomical calibration of the lower Pleistocene timescale based on ODP Site 677[J]. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 1990, 81: 251-261.
[28]Channell J E T, Kleiven H F. Geomagnetic palaeointensities and astrochronological ages for the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary and the boundaries of the Jaramillo Subchron: Palaeomagnetic and oxygen isotope records from ODP Site 983[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2000, 358(1 768): 1 027-1 047.
[29]Horng C S, Lee M Y, Plike H, et al. Astronomically calibrated ages for geomagnetic reversals within the Matuyama chron[J]. Earth Planets Space, 2002, 54: 679-690.
[30]Lisiecki L E, Raymo M E. A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records[J]. Paleoceanography, 2005, 20: PA1003, doi:10.1029/2004PA001071.
[31]Dreyfus G B, Raisbeck G M, Parrenin F, et al. An ice core perspective on the age of the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2008, 274: 151-156.
[32]Ingham M, Turner G. Behaviour of the geomagnetic field during the Matuyama-Brunhes polarity transition[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2008, 168 (3/4): 163-178.
[33]Leonhardt R, Fabian K. Paleomagnetic reconstruction of the global geomagnetic field evolution during the Matuyama/Brunhes transition: Iterative Bayesian inversion and independent verification[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2007, 253 (1/2): 172-195.
[34]Cox A, Doell R R, Dalrymple G B. Quaternary Paleomagnetic Stratigraphy[M]. New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press, 1965: 817-830.
[35]An Zhisheng, Wang Junda, Li Huamei. Paleomagnetic research of the Luochuan loess section[J]. Geochimica,1977, (4): 239-249.[安芷生, 王俊达, 李华梅. 洛川黄土剖面的古地磁研究[J]. 地球化学, 1977, (4): 239-249.]
[36]Heller F, Liu T S. Magnetism of Chinese loess deposits[J]. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1984, 77: 125-141.
[37]Yue Leping. New progress in the paleomagnetic study of loess[J]. Geological Review, 1985, 31(5): 453-460.[岳乐平. 我国黄土古地磁学研究新进展[J]. 地质论评, 1985, 31(5): 453-460.]
[38]Liu X M, Liu T S, Xu T C, et al. The Chinese loess in Xifeng, I. The primary study on magnetostratigraphy of a loess profile in Xifeng area, Gansu province[J]. Geophysical Journal, 1988, 92: 345-348.
[39]An Zhisheng, Kukla G, Liu Tungsheng. Loess stratigraphy in Luochuan of China[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1989, (2): 155-168.[安芷生, Kukla G, 刘东生. 洛川黄土地层学[J]. 第四纪研究, 1989, (2): 155-168.]
[40]Yue Leping, Lei Xiangyi, Qu Hongjun. A magnetostratigraphic study on the Jingyuan loess section, Gansu, China[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1991, (4): 349-353.[岳乐平, 雷祥义, 屈红军. 靖远黄土剖面磁性地层的初步研究[J]. 第四纪研究, 1991, (4): 349-353.]
[41]Yue Leping, Qu Hongjun, Yang Yongli, et al. Paleomagnetic research of loess section from Jiuzhoutai, Lanzhou[J]. Journal of Northwest University, 1992, 22(1): 87-94.[岳乐平, 屈红军, 杨永利, 等. 兰州九洲台黄土剖面古地磁研究[J]. 西北大学学报, 1992, 22 (1): 87-94.]
[42]Liu Dongsheng. Loess and Environment[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1985. [刘东生. 黄土与环境[M]. 北京：科学出版社, 1985.]
[43]Liu Q S, Roberts A P, Rohling E J, et al. Post-depositional remanent magnetization lock-in and the location of the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic reversal boundary in marine and Chinese loess sequences[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2008, 275(1/2): 102-110.
[44]Jin C S, Liu Q S. Revisiting the stratigraphic position of the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic polarity boundary in Chinese loess[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2011, 299(1/2): 309-317.
[45]Wang X S, Yang Z Y, Lvlie R, et al. A magnetostratigraphic reassessment of correlation between Chinese loess and marine oxygen isotope records over the last 1.1 Ma[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2006, 159: 109-117.
[46]Forster T, Heller F. Loess deposits from the Tajik depression (Central Asia): Magnetic properties and paleoclimate[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1994, 128: 501-512.
[47]Barton C E, McElhinny M W. Detrital remanent magnetisation in five slowly redeposited long cores of sediment[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1979, 6 (4): 229-232.
[48]deMenocal P B, Ruddiman W F, Kent D V. Depth of post-depositional remanence acquisition in deep-sea sediments: A case study of the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal and oxygen isotopic Stage 19.1[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1990, 99: 1-13.
[49]Irving E. The Origin of the Palaeomagnetism of the Torridonian Sandstones of North-West Scotland[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A, 1957, 250 (974): 100-110.
[50]Irving E, Major A. Post-depositional detrital remanent magnetization in a synthetic sediment[J]. Sedimentology, 1964, 3 (2): 135-143.
[51]Kent D V. Post-depositional remanent magnetisation in deep-sea sediment[J]. Nature, 1973, 246: 32-34.
[52]Suganuma Y, Yokoyama Y, Yamazaki T, et al. 10Be evidence for delayed acquisition of remanent magnetization in marine sediments: Implication for a new age for the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2010, 296 (3/4): 443-450.
[53]Assallay A M, Jefferson I, Rogers C D F, et al. Fragipan formation in loess soils: Development of the Bryant hydroconsolidation hypothesis[J]. Geoderma, 1998, 83(1/2): 1-16.
[54]Spassov S, Heller F, Evans M E, et al. A lock-in model for the complex Matuyama-Brunhes boundary record of the loess/palaeosol sequence at Lingtai (Central Chinese Loess Plateau)[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2003, 155: 350-366.
[55]Heller F, Meili B, Wang J D, et al. Magnetization and Sedimentation History of Loess in the Central Loess Plateau of China[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1987: 147-163.
[56]Hus J J, Han J. The contribution of loess magnetism in China to the retrieval of past global changes-some problems[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1992, 70(3/4): 154-168.
[57]Kent D V, Schneider D A. Correlation of paleointensity variation records in the Brunhes/Matuyama polarity transition interval[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1995, 129: 135-144.
[58]Schneider D A, Kent D V, Mello G A. A detailed chronology of the Australasian impact event, the Brunhes-Matuyama geomagnetic polarity reversal, and global climate change[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1992, 111(2/4): 395-405.
[59]Li C L, Ouyang Z Y, Liu T S, et al. Microtektites and glassy microspherules in loess: Their discoveries and implications[J]. Science in China(Series B), 1993, 36(9): 1 141-1 152.
[60]Helslop D, Langereis C G, Dekkers M J. A new astronomical timescale for the loess deposits of Northern China[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2000, 184: 125-139.
[61]Carcaillet J, Bourlès D L, Thouveny N, et al. A high resolution authigenic 10Be/9Be record of geomagnetic moment variations over the last 300 ka from sedimentary cores of the Portuguese margin[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2004, 219: 397-412.
[62]Muscheler R, Beer J, Kubik P W, et al. Geomagnetic field intensity during the last 60,000 years based on 10Be and 36Cl from the Summit ice cores and 14C[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2005, 24: 1 849-1 860.
[63]Wagner G, Masarik J, Beer J, et al. Reconstruction of the geomagnetic field between 20 and 60 kyr BP from cosmogenic radionuclides in the GRIP ice core[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2000, 172: 597-604.
[64]Frank M. Comparison of cosmogenic radionuclide production and geomagnetic field intensity over the last 200 000 years[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A, 2000, 358: 1 089-1 107.
[65]Masarik J, Beer J. Simulation of particle fluxes and cosmogenic nuclide production in the Earth’s atmosphere[J]. Jounal of Geophysical Research, 1999, 104 (D10): 12 099-12 111.
[66]Shen Chengde, Liu Dongsheng, Beer J, et al. 10Be and the loess accumulating evolution[J]. Science in China (Series B), 1989, (7): 744-751. [沈承德, 刘东生, Beer J, 等. 10Be与黄土的堆积演化[J]. 中国科学:B辑, 1989, (7): 744-751.]
[67]Shen Chengde. 10Be in deep sea sediments[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1997, (3): 203-210. [沈承德. 深海沉积物10Be记录研究[J]. 第四纪研究, 1997, (3): 203-210.]
[68]Valet J P, Plenier G, Herrero-Bervera E. Geomagnetic excursions reflect an aborted polarity state[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2008, 274(3/4): 472-478.
[69]Gu Z Y, Lal D, Liu T S, et al. Five million year 10Be record in Chinese loess and red-clay: Climate and weathering relationships[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1996, 144: 273-287.
[70]Shen C D, Beer J, Heller F, et al. 10Be-susceptibility model and quantitative estimates of pedogenic ferromagnetic material flux in Chinese loess[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2000, 172(1/4): 551-554.
[71]Shen C D, Beer J, Kubik P W, et al. Grain size distribution, 10Be content and magnetic susceptibility of micrometer-nanometer loess materials[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2004, 223/224: 613-617.
[72]Gu Zhaoyan, Lal D, Guo Zhengtang, et al. Geochemistry of cosmogenic 10Be in loess-paleosol sequences and red clay in the Loess Plateau[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2000, 20(5): 409-422. [顾兆炎, Lal D, 郭正堂, 等. 黄土高原黄土和红粘土10Be地球化学特征[J]. 第四纪研究, 2000, 20 (5): 409-422.]
[73]Shen Chengde, Yi Weixi, Liu Tungsheng. 10Be records in loess with high resolution and the dating of loess strata[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1994, (3): 203-213. [沈承德, 易惟熙, 刘东生. 高分辨率10Be记录与黄土地层定年[J]. 第四纪研究, 1994, (3): 203-213.]
[74]Shen Chengde, Yi Weixi, Liu Dongsheng. Advance in 10Be study in Chinese loess[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 1995, 10(6): 590-596. [沈承德, 易惟熙, 刘东生. 中国黄土10Be研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 1995, 10 (6): 590-596.]
[75]Zhou Weijian, Chen Maobai, Xian Feng, et al. The mean value concept in mono-linear regression of multi-variables and its application to trace studies in Geo-sciences[J].Science in China (Series D),2007, 37 (10): 1 392-1 399.[周卫健, 陈茂柏, 鲜锋, 等. 多变量线性回归的平均值概念及其在地学研究中的应用[J]. 中国科学:D辑, 2007, 37 (10): 1 392-1 399.]
[76]Zhao Guoqing, Zhou Weijian, Wu Zhenkun, et al. 2010. Progress of tracing paleo-geomagnetic field from cosmogenic nuclide 10Be in loess of China[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2010, 25(9): 927-933. [赵国庆, 周卫健, 武振坤, 等. 黄土中宇宙成因核素10Be示踪古地磁场变化研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2010, 25 (9): 927-933.]
[77]Zhou W J, Xian F, Beck J W, et al. Reconstruction of 130-kyr relative geomagnetic intensities from 10Be in two Chinese loess sections[J]. Radiocarbon,2010, 52 (1): 129-147.
[78]Channell J E T, Xuan C, Hodell D A. Stacking paleointensity and oxygen isotope data for the last 1.5 Myr (PISO-1500)[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2009, 283: 14-23.
[79]Guyodo Y, Valet J P. Global changes in intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field during the past 800 kyr[J]. Nature, 1999, 399: 249-252.
[80]Valet J P, Meynadier L, Guyodo Y. Geomagnetic dipole strength and reversal rate over the past two million years[J]. Nature, 2005, 435: 802-805.
[81]Zhou Liping, Shackleton N J, Dodonov A E. Stratigraphical interpretation of geomagnetic polarity boundaries in Eurasian loess[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2000, 20(2): 196-202.[周力平, Shackleton N J, Dodonov A E. 欧亚黄土中古地磁极性界线的地层学解释[J]. 第四纪研究, 2000, 20 (2): 196-202.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
甘公网安备62010202000687
