网络出版日期: 1996-03-01
基金资助
国家“八五”攀登计划“青藏高原形成演化、环境变迁与生态系统研究”(编号:029-02-01)及国家自然科学基金资助项目“西藏东南部晚更新世以来东亚及印度洋季风气候史气项目编号:49371068).
PROGRESSES IN THE STUDY OF VEGETATION AND CLIMATE CHANGES SINCE PLIOCENE IN THE QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU
Online published: 1996-03-01
唐领余，沈才明 . 青藏高原上新世以来植被与气候研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 1996 , 11(2) : 198 -203 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.1996.02.0198
Vegetation and climate changes since Miocene were studied preliminarily in terms of palynological and paleobotanical records in the Qinghai -Xizang plateau in Miocene,subtropical alpine sclerophyllous oak forest existed in the most parts of Xizang,espicially southern Xizang. Meanwhile,the altitudinal zones of vegetation appeared and the alpine shrubbery was found firstly.The climatic characteristic was middle moist with annual temperature at above 2～ 10℃. In Early and Middle Pliocene,due to that rising mountains gradually hindered the India Ocean Monsoon’s entering,the subtropical alpine sclerophyllous oak forest distributing widely in Miocene moved southward,main vegetation was evergreen sclerophyllous oak-cedra forest found in the regions south to the Gangdisi and Nianqingtanggula Mt., where the annual temperature was above 10℃ higher than today estimated by its modern distributing altitude, montane evengreen coniferous forest existed in the most of regions north to Gangdisi and Nianqingtanggula Mt, where the annual temperature was about 7℃.Since Late Pliocene,evergreenoak and cedra decreased, deciduous and herberous elements increased, main vegetation was subtropical mixed coniferous,and broadleaved forest in the north slopes of the Himalaya Mt, and regions south to Nianqingtanggula Mt., where the temperature Was 5.2～8.1℃ higher than present,in the regions north to the Himalaya ’s north slopes and Nianqingtanggula Mt. ,drought became worse gradually, which resulted in appearence of shrubbery and steppe,where annual temperature was about 4 ℃ higher than today. Drought was serious since Late Pleistocene in the interior of the Plateau,alpine shrubberysteppe was found in the most part of Xizang, subtropical mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest,subtropical evergeen season rainforest and rainforest only existed in the Zhangmu,Kada,Yadong,Jilong, Cayu and Mutuo in the south slopes of the Himalaya Mt.,Holocene vegetation was similar to the Present.
Key words： Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Vegetation; Climate; Palynoflora; Monsoon.
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