收稿日期: 2000-12-11
修回日期: 2001-06-20
网络出版日期: 2002-06-01
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重点项目“20世纪中国与全球气候变率研究”(编号：49635190）；国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“我国重大气候和天气灾害形成机理和预测理论的研究”（编号：G1998040900）资助
RECENT ADVANCES IN CLIMATE MODELS AND MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECTS
Received date: 2000-12-11
Revised date: 2001-06-20
Online published: 2002-06-01
罗勇 , 党鸿雁 , 赵宗慈 , 王绍武 . 近20年来气候模式的发展与模式比较计划[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002 , 17(3) : 372 -377 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2002.03.0372
Since 1980s continuous development of the global climate observing system, successful implementation of the international field experiments in different regions as well as the fast development of computer performance have provided great support to the booming of climate models. Both of the architecture complexity and simulation ability of climate models were experienced a significant promotion in the recent 20 years. Climate models have been applied widely in the studies on formation and anomalies of global and regional climate, interaction among components of climate system and impacts of anthropogenic climate change. This paper summaries the recent advances in climate models, including atmospheric general circulation models, land surface process models, oceanic general circulation models and regional climate models. Some important existing international model intercomparison projects and their progresses are also reviewed.
［1］Robert A A. A semi-lagrangian and semi-implicit numerical integration scheme for primitive meteorological equations［J］. J Meteor Soc Japan, 1982, 60: 319-325.
［2］Zeng Q C, Yuan C G, Zhang X H, et al. A global grid-point general circulation model［A］. In: Collection of Papers Presented at WMO/IUGG NWP Symposium［C］. Tokyo, August 4-8, 1986. 421-430.
［3］Chen J B, Ji L R, Wu W L. Design and test of an improved scheme for global spectral model with reduced truncation error［J］. Adv in Atmos Sci, 1987, 4: 156-168.
［4］Wang Bin, Ji Zhongzhen. The construction and preliminary test of the explicit complete square conservative difference schemes［J］.Chinese Science Bulletin, 1990, 35(10): 766-768.［王斌，季仲贞.显式完全平方守恒差分格式的构造及其初步检验［J］.科学通报,1990,35(10): 766-768.］
［5］Zhong Qing. The formulation of fidelity schemes of physical conservation laws and improvements on a traditional spectral model of baroclinic primitive equations for numerical predictions［J］.Acta Meteorological Sinica, 1997, 55(6): 641-661.［钟青.物理守恒律保真格式构造与数值预报斜压原始方程传统谱模式改进研究［J］.气象学报，1997，55（6）：641-661.］
［6］Harshvardhan R D, Randall D A, Corsetti T G. A fast radiation parameterization for general circulation models［J］. J G R, 1987, 92: 1 009-1 016.
［7］Morcrette J-J. Radiation and cloud radiative properties in the ECMWF operational weather forecast model［J］. J G R, 1991, 96: 9 121-9 132.
［8］Tiedtke M. A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models［J］. Mon Wea Rev, 1989, 117: 1 779-1 800.
［9］Betts A K, Miller M J. The Betts-Miller Scheme［A］. In:Emanuel K A, Raymond D J, eds. The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models［C］. Meteorological Monographs, Vol. 24, No. 46, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 1993.107-121.
［10］Zhang G J, McFarlane N A. Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian climate centre general circulation model［J］. Atmos-Ocean, 1995, 33: 407-446.
［11］Palmer T N, Shutts G J, Swinbank R. Alleviation of a systematic westerly bias in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models through an orographic gravity wave drag parameterization［J］. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc, 1986, 112: 1 001-1 039.
［12］McFarlane N A. The effect of orographically excited gravity-wave drag on the circulation of the lower stratosphere and troposphere［J］. J Atmos Sci, 1987, 44: 1 775-1 800.
［13］Gates W L. AMIP: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project［J］. Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 1992, 73(12): 1 962-1 970.
［14］Dickinson R E, Henderson-Sellers A, Kennedy P J. Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) Version le as Coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model［R］. NCAR Technical Note, NCAR/TN-387+STR, 1993.
［15］Sellers P J, Mintz Y, Sud Y C, et al. A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models［J］. J Atmos Sci, 1986, 43: 505-531.
［16］Xue Y, Sellers P J, Kinder III J L, et al. A simplified biosphere model for global climate studies［J］. J Climate, 1991, 4: 345-364.
［17］Bonan G B. A Land Surface Model (LSM Version 1.0) for Ecological, Hydrological and Atmospheric Studies: Technical Description and User's Guide［R］. NCAR Technical Note, NCAR/TN-417+STR, Boulder, Colorado, 1996.
［18］Sellers P J, Randall D A, Collatz G J, et al. A revised land surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMs. Part I: Model Formulation［J］. J Climate, 1996, 9: 676-705.
［19］Sellers P J, Los S O, Tucker C J, et al. A revised land surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMs. Part II: The generation of global fields of terrestrial biophysical parameters from satellite data［J］. J Climate, 1996, 9: 706-737.
［20］Henderson-Sellers A, Yang Z L, Dickinson R E. The project for intercomparison of land-surface parameterization schemes［J］. Bull of the Amer Met Soc, 1993, 74: 1 335-1 349.
［21］Danabasoglu G, McWilliams J C, Gent P R. The role of mesoscale tracer transport in the global ocean circulation［J］. Science, 1994, 264: 1 123-1 126.
［22］Sausen R, Barthel K, Hasselmann K. Coupled ocean-atmosphere models with flux correction［J］. Clim Dyn, 1988, 2: 145-163.
［23］Boville B A, Gent P R. The NCAR climate system model, Version one［J］. J Climate, 1998, 11: 1 115-1 130.
［24］Covey C, Abe-Ouchi A, Boer G J, et al. The seasonal cycle in coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models［J］. Clim Dyn, 2000, 16: 775-787.
［25］Barnett T P, Hegerl G, Knutson T, et al. Uncertainty levels in predicted patterns of anthropogenic climate change［J］. J G R, 2000, 105(D12): 15 525-15 542.
［26］Giorgi F, Mearns L. Approaches to the simulation of regional climate change: a review［J］. Rev Geophys, 1991, 29: 191-216.
［27］Luo Yong, Zhao Zongci. Numerical simulation of East Asian regional climate with NCAR RegCM2［J］.Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1997, 8(Supplement): 124-133.［罗勇，赵宗慈.NCAR RegCM2对东亚区域气候的模拟试验［J］.应用气象学报，1997，8（增刊）：124-133.］
［28］Fu Congbin, Wen Helin, Cheng Ming,et al. Simulation of summer monsoon rainbelts over Eastern China from region climate model［J］. Scientia Atmospheric Sinica, 1998,22(4):522-534.［符淙斌，魏和林，陈明,等.区域气候模式对中国东部季风雨带演变的模拟［J］.大气科学，1998，22（4）：522-534.］
［29］Christensen J H, Machenhauer B, Jones R G, et al. Validation of present-day regional climate simulations over Europe: LAM simulations with observed boundary conditions［J］. Clim Dyn, 1997, 13: 489-506.
［30］Takle E S, Gutowski W J Jr, Arritt R W, et al. Project to Intercompare Regional Climate Simulations (PIRCS): Description and initial results［J］. J G R, 1999, 104: 19 443-19 462.
［31］Leung L R, Ghan S J, Zhao Z-C, et al. Intercomparison of regional climate simulations of the 1991 summer monsoon in eastern Asia［J］. J G R, 1999, 104: 6 425-6 454.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
甘公网安备62010202000687
