人类的发展战略正在发生根本性地转变，用可持续发展战略代替以传统工业为基础的发展战略已成为国际社会的共识。讨论了现代地球系统科学及其与可持续发展的关系等问题，认为在现代地球系统演变过程中，全球环境是基础，人类圈为主导；现代地球系统科学是可持续发展战略的科学基础；实施可持续发展战略必须协调人类圈和全球环境的关系等。

Human development strategies are changing dramatically. It has become the common understanding by international society that the development strategy based on traditional industry is being replaced by sustainable development. This paper discusses the modern Earth system science and its relation with sustainable development etc. We consider that (1) the global environment is the foundation and the anthroposphere is the leading factor in the evolutionary process of the modern Earth system, (2) the modern Earth system science is the scientific basis for sustainable development strategy and (3) the implementation of sustainable development strategy should coordinate the relations between the anthroposphere and the global environment.