收稿日期: 2001-06-04
修回日期: 2001-09-10
网络出版日期: 2002-08-01
基金资助
中国科学院生物科学与技术研究特别支持课题“鼎湖山南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林物种多样性的维持机制研究”（编号：STZ97-1-05）；国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“长江流域生物多样性变化、可持续利用与区域生态安全”专题“喜旱莲子草、水盾草、薇甘菊入侵的生态学效应研究”（编号：G2000046803）联合资助.
THEORY OF SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND THE APPLICATION TO THE STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL INVASION
Received date: 2001-06-04
Revised date: 2001-09-10
Online published: 2002-08-01
生态空间理论（theoryofspat ialecology）是对生态系统空间关系进行研究的一种理论，主要包括尺度、空间格局和镶嵌动态等。模型是研究空间关系的重要手段，其中莱文斯（Levins）模型、细胞自动机（cel lularautomata）模型和反应-扩散（React ionDi f fusion）模型是 3个基本的模型。尺度是生态学研究中的核心问题，对于不同的研究对象，应在相应的尺度上进行思考。空间异质性是不同尺度上的生态学过程的结果，同时它也影响各种生态学过程。随着人们对生物入侵的日益关注，空间生态学理论尤其是一些空间模型越来越多的应用于入侵和竞争的研究中。
张林艳 , 叶万辉 , 周霞 . 生态空间理论及其在生物入侵研究中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002 , 17(4) : 588 -594 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2002.04.0588
As a new branch of contemporary ecology，spatial ecology has been getting involved in continuing development. Which emphasizes the importance of space in ecology progress, mainly including scale, spatial heterogeneity, spatial pattern and so on. Spatial models are applied widely in spatial ecology. Of which, Levins, Cellular Automata and Reaction-Diffusion model are simple but important models. They can abstract different aspects of the essence of spatial ecology. The Levins model is only implicitly spatial because it assumes global dispersal, Cellular automata are created when Levins-like models are made more realistic by including local dispersal. While the last considers interactions in a spatially continuous habitat. Many others models derived from them. Scale is one of the central problems in spatial ecology. Which includes spatial, temporal and organizational scales. There is no single natural scale at which ecological phenomena should be studied, and ecosystems generally show characteristic variability on different scales. Spatial heterogeneity is the result of ecological process on different scales, on the other hand, it also affect all kinds of process. Biological invasion has been identified as one of the direct causes of biodiversity loss in the global context. Scientists have gradually paid more attention to it. Theories of spatial ecology, especially some models have been used in the problem. Finally, the current problems and application trends of spatial ecology are also discussed.
Key words： Spatial ecology; Model; Scale; Spatial heterogeneity; Biological invasion.
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