地球科学进展 ›› 2010, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 284 -289. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2010.03.0284

所属专题: 青藏高原研究——青藏科考虚拟专刊

研究论文 上一篇    下一篇

青藏铁路沿线砾石方格固沙机理风洞模拟研究
张克存,屈建军,牛清河,张伟民,韩庆杰   
  1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站, 沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃  兰州  730000  
  • 收稿日期:2009-06-11 修回日期:2010-01-13 出版日期:2010-03-10
  • 通讯作者: 张克存 E-mail:kecunzh@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目“高原低气压风沙运动特征与青藏铁路路基沙害形成机理”(编号:40701171)资助.

Simulative research on the mechanism of rocky checkerboard sand barriers along Qinghai-Tibet Railway in wind tunnel

Zhang Kecun,Qu Jianjun,Niu Qinghe, Zhang Weimin,Han Qingjie   

  1. Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecology and Environment Research Station, Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, China
  • Received:2009-06-11 Revised:2010-01-13 Online:2010-03-10 Published:2010-03-10
  • Contact: Zhang Kecun E-mail:kecunzh@lzb.ac.cn
  • Supported by:

    Characteristics of wind-blown sand under the lower air pressure and mechanism of sand hazards along Qinghai-Tibet Railway

 通过对青藏铁路沿线砾石方格内风速特征、固沙效率的风洞模拟实验研究发现,当气流运行至砾石方格前缘,水平风速迅速降低,砾石方格对风速的削弱作用非常显著,达到50%左右。气流在沿砾石方格向下风向移动过程中,水平梯度风速逐渐减小,但其减小幅度比较缓慢。砾石方格中风速随高度的分布遵循对数规律,各方格间风速变化趋势相对稳定。砾石方格地表粗糙度在5.2cm左右,摩阻速度为2.4 cm/s。砾石方格中固沙量随着进口风速的增加而增加,在相同风速下,固沙量随离沙源距离的增加呈指数关系递减。

Based on the simulative research on the characteristics of wind speed, sand-fixed rate of rocky checkerboard sand barriers along Qinghai-Tibet Railway in wind tunnel, several conclusions were drawn as follows. Horizontal wind speed rapidly decreases when it flows to the fringe of rocky checkerboard sand barriers. Weaken efficiency of rocky checkerboard sand barrier on airflow is distinct, with about 50%. Wind speed changes little over rocky checkerboard sand barrier. In contrast, although the wind speed decreases from rocky checkerboard sand barrier to its lower reach, its magnitude is very small. Wind speed varies logarithmically with height. Variation of wind speed is similar among rocky checkerboard sand barriers as height increases. Roughness is about 5.2 mm and drag velocity is 2.4 cm/s for rocky checkerboard sand barrier. Sand-fixing mass increased with inlet wind speed. For a given wind speed, sand-fixing mass increased exponentially with distance to sand sources.

中图分类号: 

[1] Mu Yuanwei, Lei Jiaqiang, Shi Zeyun. Analysis on the environment of forming sand drift disasters to projects in the Gurbantonggut Desert, Xinjiang, China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2005, 22(3): 350-354.[穆元伟,雷加强,石泽云. 古尔班通古特沙漠工程沙害形成的环境分析[J]. 干旱区研究,2005, 22 (3): 350-354.]
[2] Wu Zheng. Aeolian Geomorphology and Sand-controlling Engineering[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2003.[吴正.风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003.] 
[3] Sun Yuqi, Ma Ji,eds. Prevention for Sand Harms Along Highroad and Railway[M]. Beijing: China Railway Publishing House, 1998.[孙遇祺,马骥,主编. 铁路公路沙害防治[M]. 北京:中国铁道出版社,1998.]
[4] Feng Lianchang, Lu Jiqing, Di Yaoquan. Review on the prevention of sand damages to railway line in desert areas of China[J].Journal of Desert Research,1994, 14 (3): 47-53.[凤连昌,卢继清,邸耀全. 中国沙区铁路沙害防治综述\[J\]. 中国沙漠, 1994, 14 (3): 47-53.]
[5] Zhu Guanghua, Tao Ling, Ren Jun. Evaluation of using land for constructing Qinghai-Tibet Railway on native vegetation[J].Acta Agrestia Snica,2006, 14(2): 160-164.[祝广华,陶玲,任珺.青藏铁路工程迹地对植被的影响评价[J]. 草地学报,2006,14(2):160-164.]
[6] Wu Q B, Shi B, Fang H Y. Engineering geological characteristics and processes of permafrost along the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) highway[J].Engineering Geology,2003, 68: 387-396.
[7] Yang M X, Wang S L, Yao T D, et al.Desertification and its relationship with permafrost degradation in Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2004, 39: 47-53.
[8] Qu Jianjun, Li Cheng, Zhang Jiansheng, et al. Sand hazards along Qinghai-Tibet railway and its control[J]. Qinghai-Tibet Railroad, 2006, 1: 37-42.[屈建军, 李成, 张建生, 等. 青藏铁路格拉段路基沙害与防治[J]. 青藏铁道, 2006, 1: 37-42.]
[9] Liu Z M, Zhao W Z. Shifting sand control in central Tibet[J].AMBIO, 2001, 30(6): 376-380.
[10] Zou X Y, Li S, Zhang C L, et al.Desertification and control plan in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2002, 51: 183-198.
[11] Shen Weishou, Zhang Hui, Zou Changxin, et al.Impact of the construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway on the alpine-arctic ecosystem and its recovery forecasting methods[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2004, 49(9): 909-914.[沈渭寿, 张慧, 邹长新, 等. 青藏铁路建设对沿线高寒生态系统的影响及恢复预测方法研究[J]. 科学通报, 2004, 49(9): 909-914.]
[12] Wang Genxu, Yao Jinzhong, Guo Zhenggang,et al. Ecosystem changes of frozen soil and its revelation for the construction of railway during the impaction of human activities[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2004, 49 (15): 1 556-1 564.[王根绪, 姚进忠, 郭正刚, 等. 人类工程活动影响下冻土生态系统的变化及其对铁路建设的启示[J]. 科学通报, 2004, 49 (15): 1 556-1 564.]
[13] Wang Shaoling.Research on the degradation of frozen soil on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Advances in Earth Science,1997, 12(2): 164-167.[王绍令. 青藏高原冻土退化的研究\[J\]. 地球科学进展, 1997, 12(2): 164-167.]
[14] Nan Zhuotong, Li Shuxun, Cheng Guodong. Forecasting for the changes of permanent frozen soil on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the future of 50 and 100 years[J]. Science in China (Series D),2004, 34 (6): 528-534.[南卓铜, 李述训, 程国栋. 未来50 与100 a 青藏高原多年冻土变化情景预测[J]. 中国科学:D辑, 2004, 34 (6): 528-534.]
[15] Bai Huzhi, Li Dongliang, Dong Anxiang, et al.Strong wind and wind pressure along the Qinghai-Tibet railway[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2005, 27(1): 111-116.[白虎志,李栋梁,董安祥,等. 青藏铁路沿线的大风特征及风压研究[J]. 冰川冻土,2005, 27(1): 111-116.]
[16] Huang Yizhi, Guo Dongxin, Zhao Xiufeng. The desertification in the permafrost region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its influences on environment[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1993, 15(1): 52-57.[黄以职,郭东信,赵秀峰. 青藏高原冻土区沙漠化及其对环境的影响[J]. 冰川冻土,1993, 15 (1): 52-57.]
[17] Zhang Kecun, Qu Jianjun, Dong Zhibao, et al. Preliminary research on fluctuant characteristics of wind speed over checkerboard sand barriers[J].Arid Zone Research,2006, 23(1): 93-97.[张克存,屈建军,董治宝,等. 格状沙障内风速波动特征初步研究[J]. 干旱区研究,2006,23(1): 93-97.]
[18] Qu Jianjun, Ling Yuquan, Zu Ruiping,et al. Study on comprehensive sand-protecting efficiency of semi-buried checkerboard sand barriers[J].Journal of Desert Research,2005, 25(3): 329-335.[屈建军,凌裕泉,俎瑞平,等. 半隐蔽格状沙障的综合防护效益研究[J]. 中国沙漠,2005, 25(3): 329-335.]
[19] Chang Zhaofeng, Zhong Shengnian, Han Fugui, et al. Research of the suitable row spacing on clay barriers and straw barriers[J].Journal of Desert Research,2000,20(4): 455-457.[常兆丰,仲生年,韩福桂,等. 粘土沙障及麦草沙障合理间距的调查研究[J]. 中国沙漠,2000,20(4): 455-457.]
[20] Zhang Kecun, Qu Jianjun, Zu Ruiping,et al.Impact of underlying surfaces on the characteristics of wind-blown sand in the wind tunnel[J].Arid Land Geography,2004, 27(3): 352-355.[张克存,屈建军,俎瑞平,等. 不同下垫面对风沙流特性影响的风洞模拟研究[J]. 干旱区地理,2004, 27(3): 352-355.]

[1] 胡泽勇,程国栋,谷良雷,李茂善,马耀明. 青藏铁路路基表面太阳总辐射和温度反演方法[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(12): 1304-1313.
阅读次数
全文


摘要