地球科学进展 ›› 2011, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 916 -925. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2011.09.0916

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

云南一条新的生物地理线
朱华   
  1. 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南 昆明 650223
  • 收稿日期:2011-01-04 修回日期:2011-07-11 出版日期:2011-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 朱华
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目“云南中山湿性常绿阔叶林植物种类对偶性及其生物地理研究”(编号:41071040)和“云南澜沧江流域河谷植被与植物区系的生物地理分异及其成因研究”(编号:31170195)资助.

A New Biogeographical Line between South Yunan and Southeast  Yunnan

Zhu Hua   

  1. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
  • Received:2011-01-04 Revised:2011-07-11 Online:2011-09-10 Published:2011-09-10

云南南部与东南部热带地区在地理上接近,具有类似的热带季风气候和热带雨林植被, 它们的植物区系均以热带成分占优势,在现代植物区系分区上都属于热带亚洲或印度—马来西亚植物区系。研究发现在云南东南部植物区系中具有丰富的东亚植物区系的代表成分,如木兰科、山茱萸科、菝葜科、茶科、安息香科、山矾科、忍冬科、冬青科、卫矛科等, 意味着它具有东亚植物区系起源背景,而在云南南部植物区系中却有丰富的热带亚洲代表成分, 如楝科、番荔枝科、防己科、姜科、夹竹桃科、萝摩科等,具有明显热带亚洲亲缘。云南南部植物区系中有237个属未见于云南东南部热带地区; 云南东南部热带植物区系中有349个属未见于云南南部, 包括57个东亚分布属,53个北温带分布属,22个中国特有分布属及17个东亚—北美间断分布属。这些事实意味着云南南部植物区系与东南部植物区系可能具有不同的起源背景, 在云南南部与东南部之间可能存在一条历史生物地理线, 这条生物地理线暂命名为“华线(Hua line)”,它的位置与走向大致与云南的李仙江一致,这些建议也获得地质历史的支持。

 Adjacent tropical south and southeast Yunnan have a similar monsoon climate and are covered by tropical rain forest vegetation at lowlands. Both of the floras of tropical south and southeast Yunnan have tropical floristic elements comprising a majority (78.3% in south Yunnan and 68.83% in tropical southeast Yunnan), and those of tropical Asian distribution make  up the highest ratio (30.2% of the total genera in south Yunnan and 27.3% in southeast Yunnan), and both of them belong to Indo-Malaysian flora at northern margin of tropical Asia in present floristic regionalization. However, some temperate East Asian characteristic families, such as Magnoliaceae, Cornaceae, Smilacaceae, Theaceae, Styracaceae, Symplocaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Caprifoliaceae and Celastraceae, etc. are well represented in the flora of tropical southeast Yunnan while tropical Asian characteristic families, such as Meliaceae, Annonaceae, Menispermaceae, Zingiberaceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, etc. are well represented in the flora of south Yunnan. Although the tropical south and southeast Yunnan share 80% of their genera, 237 genera are seen only in south Yunnan, and 349 genera only in tropical southeast Yunnan respectively. Furthermore, 57 genera of East Asia distribution, 53 genera of North temperate distribution and 22 genera of endemic to China, as well as 17 genera of East Asia and North America disjonct distribution are present only in tropical southeast Yunnan. These suggest that the flora of southeast Yunnan could have different background from the flora of south Yunnan in origin. The flora of tropical southeast Yunnan is more related to Eastern Asian flora in origin, while the flora of south Yunnan is more related to Indo-Malaysia flora.  It is therefore suggested that there could be a biogeographical line between south and southeast Yunnan. The possible biogeographical line is here named as “Hua line”. The biogeographical line is well supported by geological history of the region.

中图分类号: 

[1] Fedorov An A.The flora of southwestern China and its significance to the knowledge of the plant world of Eurasia[J]. Komarov Chten, 1957, 10: 20-50.[2] Wu Zhengyi. The tropical floristic affinity of the flora of China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1965, 1: 25-33.[吴征镒. 中国植物区系的热带亲缘[J]. 科学通报, 1965, 1: 25-33.]
[3] Zhu Hua, Yan Lichun. Biogeographical affinities of the flora of southeastern Yunnan, China[J]. Botanical Studies, 2009, 50(4): 467-475.
[4] Zhu Hua. The tropical flora of southern Yunnan, China, and its biogeographical affinities[J]. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2008, 95(4): 661-680.
[5] Zhu Hua. Advances in biogeography of the tropical rainforest in southern Yunnan, southwestern China[J]. Tropical Conservation Science,2008, 1(1): 34-42.
[6] Zhu Hua, Ma Youxin, Yan Lichun, et al. The relationship between geography and climate in the generic-level patterns of Chinese seed plants[J]. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2007, 45(2): 134-166.
[7] Zhu Hua, Wang Hong, Li Baogui. Floristic composition and biogeography of tropical montane rain forest in southern Yunnan of China[J]. Gardens′ Bulletin Singapore, 2006, 58: 81-132.
[8] Zhu Hua, Wang Hong, Li Baogui, et al. Biogeography and floristic affinity of the Limestone flora in southern Yunnan, China[J]. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2003, 90(3): 444-465.
[9] Zhu Hua, Roos M C. The tropical flora of S China and its affinity to Indo-Malesian flora[J]. Telopea, 2004, 10(2): 639-648.
[10] Zhu Hua, Cai Lin. Biogeography of the tropical rain forest of Yunnan and some implications to geographical history[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2005, 20(Suppl.): 1-57.[朱华, 蔡琳. 云南热带雨林的生物地理及其对地质历史的暗示[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(增刊): 1-57.]
[11] Zhu Hua. Ecological and biogeographical studies on the tropical rain forest of south Yunnan, SW China with a special reference to its relation with rain forests of tropical Asia[J]. Journal of Biogeography, 1997, 24(5): 647-662.
[12] Zhu Hua, Cao Min, Hu Huabin. Geological history, flora, and vegetation of Xishuang banna, southern Yunnan, China[J]. Biotropica, 2006, 38(3): 310-317.
[13] Cao Min, Zhou Xiaoming, Warren M, et al. Tropical forests of Xishuangbanna, China[J]. Biotropica, 2006, 38(3): 306-309.
[14] Shui Yumin. Seed Plants of Honghe Region in SE Yunnan, China[M]. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press,2003:665.[税玉民. 滇东南红河地区种子植物[M]. 昆明: 云南科技出版社, 2003:665.]
[15] Wu Zhengyi. The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants[J]. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 1991, 13(S4): 1-3.[吴征镒. 中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J]. 云南植物研究, 1991,13(增刊4): 1-3.]
[16] Hill K D. The genus Cycas (Cycadaceae) in China[J]. Telopea,2008, 12(1): 71-118.
[17] Hill K D, Hiep T N, Loc P K. The genus Cycas (Cycadaceae) in Vietnam[J]. The Botanical Review,2004, 70(2): 134-193.
[18] Fortey R A, Cocks L R M. Biogeography and palaeogeography of the Sibumasu terrane in the Ordovician: A review[C]∥Hall R, Holloway J D, eds. Biogeography and Geological Evolution of SE Asia. Leiden: Backbuys Publishers, 1998.
[19] Feng Qinglai, Chonglakmani C, Helmcke D, et al. Correlation of Triassic stratigraphy between the Simao and Lampang-Phrae Basins: Implications for the tectonopaleogeography of Southeast Asia[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2005, 24(6): 777-785.
[20] Metcalfe I. Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution and palaeogeography of East Asian crustal fragments: The Korean Peninsula in context[J]. Gondwana Research, 2006, 9(1/2): 24-46.
[21] Lepvriere C, Vuong N V, Maluski H, et al. Indosinian tectonics in Vietnam.[J].Comptes Rendus Geosciences,2008, 340(2/3): 94-111.
[22] Zhu Hua. Ecology and Biogeography of the Tropical Dipterocarp Rain Forest in Xishuangbanna[M]. Kunming: Yunnan Science & Technology Press, 2000.[朱华. 西双版纳龙脑香热带雨林生态学与生物地理学研究[M].昆明: 云南科技出版社, 2000.]
[23] Zhu Hua, Yan Lichun. Notes on the realities and significances of the“Tanaka Line” and the “Ecogeographical Diagonal line” in Yunnan[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2003, 18(6): 871-877.[朱华, 阎丽春. 再论“田中线”和“滇西—滇东南”生态地理(生物地理)对角线的真实性和意义[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(6): 871-877.]
[24] Zhu Hua. Distribution patterns of genera of Yunnan seed plants with references to their biogeographical significances[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2008, 23(8): 830-839.[朱华. 云南种子植物区系地理成分分布格局及其意义[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(8): 830-839.]
[25] Tanaka T.Species Problem in Citrus[M]. Tokyo:Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science,1954: 58-69.
[26] Li Xiwen, Li Jie. The Tanaka-Kaiyong line—An important floristic line for the study of the flora of East Asia[J].Annals Missouri Botanic Garden, 1997, 84(4): 888-892.
[27] Yunnan Geology and Mineral Bureau. Atlas of Geology and Palaeogeography of Yunnan[M]. Kunming: Yunnan Science & Technology Press, 1995.[云南地质矿产局. 云南岩相古地理图集[M]. 昆明: 云南科技出版社,1995.]

[1] 朱华,阎丽春. 再论“田中线”和“滇西—滇东南生态地理(生物地理)对角线”的真实性和意义[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(6): 870-876.
[2] 孙航,李志敏. 古地中海植物区系在青藏高原隆起后的演变和发展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(6): 852-862.
阅读次数
全文


摘要