地球科学进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 457 -468. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2026.034   cstr: 32269.14.adearth.CN62-1091/P.2026.034

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

鸣沙研究历程与发声理论的研究现状及展望
石金鑫1(), 屈建军1,2(), 王靖淇1   
  1. 1.西北大学 城市与环境学院,陕西 西安 710127
    2.南方海洋科学与工程 广东省实验室(广州),广东 广州 511458
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-04 修回日期:2026-04-30 出版日期:2026-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 屈建军 E-mail:jinxin_shi@126.com;qujianj@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    敦煌市鸣沙山月牙泉景区鸣沙旅游资源与利用科学考察项目资助

Current Status and Prospects of Research on the Formation Process and Mechanism of Singing Sand

Jinxin Shi1(), Jianjun Qu1,2(), Jingqi Wang1   

  1. 1.College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
    2.Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
  • Received:2026-04-04 Revised:2026-04-30 Online:2026-05-10 Published:2026-07-22
  • Contact: Jianjun Qu E-mail:jinxin_shi@126.com;qujianj@lzb.ac.cn
  • About author:Shi Jinxin, research area includes sound-producing mechanism of singing sand. E-mail: jinxin_shi@126.com
  • Supported by:
    the Scientific Expedition Project for the Utilization of Singing sand Tourism Resources in the Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring Scenic Area, Dunhuang City

全球多地鸣沙资源正面临退化甚至“失声”的风险,研究鸣沙发声机制,对于揭示鸣沙发声之谜以及科学保护、恢复与可持续利用这一珍贵自然遗产具有紧迫意义。通过梳理19世纪初至今两百多年的鸣沙研究历程,将其划分为经验描述、实验探索与多尺度机理建模3个阶段,并基于现有鸣沙点位记录绘制了全球和区域鸣沙资源地理分布图。从理论层面,全面归纳了鸣沙发声的影响因素,梳理了诸多经典假说的演替与融合,并基于现有成果,构建了鸣沙发声机制的多尺度理论框架。未来鸣沙研究的重点应着力于多尺度理论的定量验证、发声参数的跨尺度关联建模、全球鸣沙资源系统调查、环境脆弱性评估以及多学科交叉应用等方向,以期为鸣沙机理的最终阐明与资源的可持续保护提供科学依据。

Singing sand resources worldwide are facing degradation or even loss of voice due to over‑tourism, pollution, and climate change. Understanding their sound‑producing mechanism is urgent for the scientific conservation, restoration, and sustainable utilization of this natural and cultural heritage. Singing sands are classified into desert booming sand, which produces low‑frequency, sustained booming sounds, and coastal singing sand, which emits high‑frequency, short squeaks. The two types differ in particle size, mineral composition, and triggering conditions. This review systematically summarizes the century‑long evolution of singing sand research from the early 19th century to the present, dividing it into three stages: empirical description, experimental exploration, and multi-scale mechanistic modeling. Based on existing discoveries, global and regional distribution maps are compiled, highlighting recent findings of coastal singing sand colonies on Hainan Island, China. Key influencing factors are elaborated, including mineral composition, particle size and sorting, surface cleanliness, moisture content with a threshold effect at approximately 1%, and triggering modes. Classical hypotheses such as elastic cushion, electrostatic or piezoelectric effects, and stick-slip are examined and largely refuted. By contrast, the friction-shearing theory advanced by Bagnold, the surface microstructure of hollows and pores revealed by SEM, and the Helmholtz resonator model proposed by Qu et al. are emphasized as breakthroughs. The review further integrates meso‑scale theories on boundary layer and creep/collision shear as well as macro‑scale waveguide resonance into a multi-scale theoretical framework: from macroscopic energy injection, through microscopic Helmholtz resonance and frequency locking, to waveguide‑mediated amplification and radiation. Future research priorities include quantitative experimental validation of multi-scale coupling, cross‑scale modeling linking particle size and pore geometry to acoustic frequency, systematic global surveys and database construction, environmental vulnerability assessments, and multidisciplinary applications such as biomimetic acoustic materials and environmental sensing. This comprehensive synthesis provides a scientific basis for elucidating the singing sand mystery and guiding sustainable resource protection.

中图分类号: 

图1 全球鸣沙资源地理分布
Fig. 1 Global geographic distribution of singing sand resources
图2 区域鸣沙资源地理分布
(a)美国西海岸及其邻近地区;(b)英国及其邻近地区;(c)阿拉伯半岛;(d)日本。
Fig. 2 Regional geographic distribution of singing sand resources
(a) West Coast of the United States and adjacent areas; (b) United Kingdom and adjacent areas; (c) Arabia Peninsula; (d) Japan.
图3 鸣沙发声机制的多尺度理论框架
Fig. 3 A multi-scale theoretical framework for the sound-producing mechanism of singing sand
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[1] 屈建军; 代枫年; 康国定; 王远萍; 张伟民. 鸣沙研究及其展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 1993, 8(4): 59-61.
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