地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 321 -332. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.03.0321

所属专题： 青藏高原研究——青藏科考虚拟专刊；

研究简报 上一篇    

东昆仑断裂带秀沟段晚第四纪滑动速率研究
黄飞鹏( ), 任俊杰 *( ), 吕延武, 赵俊香   
  1. 中国地震局地壳应力研究所,地壳动力学重点实验室,北京 100085
  • 出版日期:2018-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 任俊杰 E-mail:huangfeipeng5@gmail.com;renjunjie@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    *中国地震局地壳应力研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项项目“青藏高原东南缘扩展与隆升”(编号:ZDJ2017-24);国家自然科学基金项目“基于阶地暴露年龄的青藏高原东南缘第四纪构造隆升历史重建”(编号:41472139)资助.

Late Quaternary Slip Rate of the Xiugou Segment, Eastern Kunlun Fault Zone

Feipeng Huang( ), Junjie Ren *( ), Yanwu Lü, Junxiang Zhao   

  1. Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics, Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100085, China
  • Online:2018-03-20 Published:2018-05-02
  • Contact: Junjie Ren E-mail:huangfeipeng5@gmail.com;renjunjie@gmail.com
  • About author:

    First author:Huang Feipeng(1993-), male, Hanyuan County, Sichuan Province, Master student. Research areas include active tectonics and tectonic geomorphology. E-mail:huangfeipeng5@gmail.com

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the Research Grant from Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration “Extension and uplift of the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau”(No.ZDJ2017-24);The National Natural Science Foundation of China “Historical reconstruction of Quaternary tectonic uplift in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on the exposure age of terrace”(No.41472139).
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东昆仑断裂带是青藏高原北部一条大型左旋走滑断裂带,其滑动速率对于断裂地震危险性评价和青藏高原的地球动力学研究具有重要意义。已有的研究认为东昆仑断裂带中西段晚第四纪滑动速率稳定、均一(10~13 mm/a),但对中段精确的滑动速率研究较少。以东昆仑断裂带中段秀沟盆地一个被断错的洪积扇为研究对象,基于高分辨率卫星影像和SPOT7立体像对提取的高精度数字高程模型(DEM)恢复位错量,利用宇宙成因核素测年厘定了断错洪积扇的年龄。结果表明,该洪积扇被左旋断错(1 862±103) m,年龄为(76.55±3.20)~(106.37±3.38)ka,据此得到的平均左旋滑动速率为(20.3+3.5/-2.3)mm/a。东昆仑断裂带中段的左旋滑动速率从晚更新世到全新世存在明显的减慢趋势。

关键词: 东昆仑断裂带, 秀沟盆地, 滑动速率, 断错洪积扇, 宇宙成因核素测年

The Eastern Kunlun fault zone (EKLF) is a large left-lateral strike-slip fault, whose slip rate is meaningful to seismic hazard assessment and geodynamics of the Tibetan Plateau. Previous studies suggested that the late Quaternary average slip rate was stable and uniform (10~13 mm/a) in the central and western segment of the EKLF. But there were a few researches of accurate slip rate in the central segment on the EKLF. Therefore, we focused on an offset and well preserved alluvial fan from Xiugou basin, located in the east of Xidatan-Dongdatan, to make it clear. Moreover, we used high-resolution satellite images and digital elevation model extracted from SPOT7 stereo image pairs to restore the offset alluvial fan, and combined terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides method, including 13 quartz-rich samples from this fan surface, 1 quartz-rich sample from the main active channel bed and 1 10Be depth profile from this fan edge to eliminate the 10Be concentration of inheritance accurately, with 1 optically stimulated luminescence sample to obtain the reliable age of this alluvial fan together. Referring to field observations, this alluvial fan was offset left-laterally by (1 862±103) m, and its age is (76.55±3.20)~(106.37±3.38) ka which can be determined through the actual geologic setting and improving chi-square test. Thus, we used the Monte Carlo method to obtain a left-lateral slip rate of (20.3+3.5/-2.3) mm/a with 68% confidence envelopes since the late Pleistocene in the Xiugou basin. As a result, combining with the results of previous studies, the left-lateral slip rate indicated that the obviously decreasing activity transferred from late Pleistocene to Holocene on the central segment of the EKLF.

Key words: Eastern Kunlun fault zone, Xiugou Basin, Slip rate, Offset alluvial fan, Cosmogenic nuclides dating.

中图分类号: 

图1 东昆仑断裂带几何展布及已开展的滑动速率研究结果 [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]
EKLF.东昆仑断裂带;HF.海原断裂带;AWCF.阿万仓断裂;GYF.甘孜—玉树断裂带;XSF.鲜水河断裂带;LRBF.龙日坝断裂带;MJF.岷江断裂;HYF.虎牙断裂;LMSF.龙门山断裂带;白色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 7 ],浅棕色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 8 ],浅蓝色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 9 ],黑色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 10 ],浅绿色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 11 ],紫色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 12 ],白色方形数据来自参考文献[ 13 ],深绿色圆点数据来自参考文献[7,14],红色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 15 ],红色方形数据来自参考文献[ 16 ],粉红色方形数据来自参考文献[ 17 ],浅绿色方形数据来自参考文献[ 18 ](滑动速率单位:mm/a)
Fig.1 Geometric distribution and previous slip-rate studies of the Eastern Kunlun fault zone [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]
EKLF:Eastern Kunlun Fault Zone; HF:Haiyuan Fault zone; AWCF:Awancang Fault; GYF:Ganzi-Yushu Fault zone; XSF:Xianshui River Fault zone;LRBF:Longriba Fault zone; MJF:Minjiang fault; HYF:Huya Fault; LMSF:Longmenshan Fault zone. The data of white circle from reference[7], the data of light brown circle from reference[8], the data of light blue circle from reference[9], the data of black circle from reference[10], the data of light green circle from reference[11], the data of purple circle from reference[12], the data of white square from reference[13], the data of deep green circle from references[7] and [14], the data of red circle from reference[15], the data of red square from reference[16], the data of pink square from reference[17], the data of light green square from reference[18](the unit of slip-rate: mm/a)
图1 东昆仑断裂带几何展布及已开展的滑动速率研究结果 [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]
EKLF.东昆仑断裂带;HF.海原断裂带;AWCF.阿万仓断裂;GYF.甘孜—玉树断裂带;XSF.鲜水河断裂带;LRBF.龙日坝断裂带;MJF.岷江断裂;HYF.虎牙断裂;LMSF.龙门山断裂带;白色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 7 ],浅棕色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 8 ],浅蓝色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 9 ],黑色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 10 ],浅绿色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 11 ],紫色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 12 ],白色方形数据来自参考文献[ 13 ],深绿色圆点数据来自参考文献[7,14],红色圆点数据来自参考文献[ 15 ],红色方形数据来自参考文献[ 16 ],粉红色方形数据来自参考文献[ 17 ],浅绿色方形数据来自参考文献[ 18 ](滑动速率单位:mm/a)
Fig.1 Geometric distribution and previous slip-rate studies of the Eastern Kunlun fault zone [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]
EKLF:Eastern Kunlun Fault Zone; HF:Haiyuan Fault zone; AWCF:Awancang Fault; GYF:Ganzi-Yushu Fault zone; XSF:Xianshui River Fault zone;LRBF:Longriba Fault zone; MJF:Minjiang fault; HYF:Huya Fault; LMSF:Longmenshan Fault zone. The data of white circle from reference[7], the data of light brown circle from reference[8], the data of light blue circle from reference[9], the data of black circle from reference[10], the data of light green circle from reference[11], the data of purple circle from reference[12], the data of white square from reference[13], the data of deep green circle from references[7] and [14], the data of red circle from reference[15], the data of red square from reference[16], the data of pink square from reference[17], the data of light green square from reference[18](the unit of slip-rate: mm/a)
图2 秀沟盆地地质地貌特征
Fig. 2 Geologic and geomorphic characteristics of Xiugou Basin
图2 秀沟盆地地质地貌特征
Fig. 2 Geologic and geomorphic characteristics of Xiugou Basin
图3 基于断错洪积扇的走滑断裂水平位移恢复模式
Fig.3 Models for horizontal displacement of a strike-slip fault based on offset alluvial fan
图3 基于断错洪积扇的走滑断裂水平位移恢复模式
Fig.3 Models for horizontal displacement of a strike-slip fault based on offset alluvial fan
图4 野外采样地点照片
Fig.4 Photos of field sampling sites
图4 野外采样地点照片
Fig.4 Photos of field sampling sites
表1 宇宙成因核素样品信息和 10Be结果
Table1 Sample information of cosmogenic nuclides and 10Be results
样品编号 纬度(N) 经度(E) 海拔
/m		 样品厚度
/cm		 地貌遮
挡因子		 10Be浓度
/(106 atoms/g)		 10Be暴露年龄
/ka
KLW1 35.76088° 95.46358° 3 970 2 1 1.73 32.07±3.01
KLW2 35.76091° 95.46282° 3 970 2 1 3.38 61.20±3.03
KLW3 35.76040° 95.46030° 3 968 2 1 2.67 47.34±2.97
KLW4 35.76006° 95.45749° 3 962 2 1 4.22 76.55±3.20
KLW5 35.76045° 95.45281° 3 960 2 1 4.86 88.57±3.25
KLW6 35.76367° 95.44208° 3 978 2 1 3.34 60.21±5.32
KLW7 35.76429° 95.43989° 3 988 2 1 5.81 103.24±3.34
KLW8 35.76405° 95.43847° 3 989 2 1 6.00 106.37±3.38
KLW9 35.77126° 95.43698° 3 992 2 1 0.51 9.97±0.27
KLW10 35.76538° 95.42281° 3 970 2 1 7.83 139.37±3.61
KLW11 35.76640° 95.42716° 3 976 2 1 8.85 158.83±3.86
KLW13 35.764969° 95.44339° 3 976 2 1 4.83 87.43±3.30
KLW14 35.766917° 95.43847° 3 988 2 1 4.58 82.13±3.21
KLW16 35.764362° 95.434242° 3 984 2 1 5.07 91.27±3.57
表1 宇宙成因核素样品信息和 10Be结果
Table1 Sample information of cosmogenic nuclides and 10Be results
样品编号 纬度(N) 经度(E) 海拔
/m		 样品厚度
/cm		 地貌遮
挡因子		 10Be浓度
/(106 atoms/g)		 10Be暴露年龄
/ka
KLW1 35.76088° 95.46358° 3 970 2 1 1.73 32.07±3.01
KLW2 35.76091° 95.46282° 3 970 2 1 3.38 61.20±3.03
KLW3 35.76040° 95.46030° 3 968 2 1 2.67 47.34±2.97
KLW4 35.76006° 95.45749° 3 962 2 1 4.22 76.55±3.20
KLW5 35.76045° 95.45281° 3 960 2 1 4.86 88.57±3.25
KLW6 35.76367° 95.44208° 3 978 2 1 3.34 60.21±5.32
KLW7 35.76429° 95.43989° 3 988 2 1 5.81 103.24±3.34
KLW8 35.76405° 95.43847° 3 989 2 1 6.00 106.37±3.38
KLW9 35.77126° 95.43698° 3 992 2 1 0.51 9.97±0.27
KLW10 35.76538° 95.42281° 3 970 2 1 7.83 139.37±3.61
KLW11 35.76640° 95.42716° 3 976 2 1 8.85 158.83±3.86
KLW13 35.764969° 95.44339° 3 976 2 1 4.83 87.43±3.30
KLW14 35.766917° 95.43847° 3 988 2 1 4.58 82.13±3.21
KLW16 35.764362° 95.434242° 3 984 2 1 5.07 91.27±3.57
表2 深度剖面样品信息和 10Be结果
Table 2 Sample information of depth profile and 10Be results
样品编号 纬度(N) 经度(E) 海拔/m 深度/cm 地貌遮
挡因子		 10Be浓度
/(106 atoms/g)
ws01 35.76025° 95.44644° 3 939 230 1 0.49
ws02 35.76025° 95.44644° 3 939 180 1 0.82
ws03 35.76025° 95.44644° 3 939 120 1 1.27
ws04 35.76025° 95.44644° 3 939 70 1 1.82
ws05 35.76025° 95.44644° 3 939 40 1 3.16
ws06 35.76025° 95.44644° 3 939 20 1 4.28
表2 深度剖面样品信息和 10Be结果
Table 2 Sample information of depth profile and 10Be results
样品编号 纬度(N) 经度(E) 海拔/m 深度/cm 地貌遮
挡因子		 10Be浓度
/(106 atoms/g)
ws01 35.76025° 95.44644° 3 939 230 1 0.49
ws02 35.76025° 95.44644° 3 939 180 1 0.82
ws03 35.76025° 95.44644° 3 939 120 1 1.27
ws04 35.76025° 95.44644° 3 939 70 1 1.82
ws05 35.76025° 95.44644° 3 939 40 1 3.16
ws06 35.76025° 95.44644° 3 939 20 1 4.28
图5 深度剖面采样照片和拟合结果
Fig.5 Sampling photo and result of the 10Be depth profile
图5 深度剖面采样照片和拟合结果
Fig.5 Sampling photo and result of the 10Be depth profile
图6 野外采样分布(位置见 图2 )和洪积扇SPOT7卫星影像解译
Fig.6 Distribution of sampling sites and SPOT7 satellite image of the alluvial fan
图6 野外采样分布(位置见 图2 )和洪积扇SPOT7卫星影像解译
Fig.6 Distribution of sampling sites and SPOT7 satellite image of the alluvial fan
图7 洪积扇P3的断错冲沟和断层剖面
1.黄土层;2.细砂层;3.砾石层;4.粉砂质黏土层;5.断层带
Fig.7 Offset channels and fault exposure of the eastern Kunlun fault in alluvial fan P3
1:Loess; 2:Fine sand; 3:Gravel; 4:Silty soil; 5:Fault zone
图7 洪积扇P3的断错冲沟和断层剖面
1.黄土层;2.细砂层;3.砾石层;4.粉砂质黏土层;5.断层带
Fig.7 Offset channels and fault exposure of the eastern Kunlun fault in alluvial fan P3
1:Loess; 2:Fine sand; 3:Gravel; 4:Silty soil; 5:Fault zone
图8 洪积扇位错恢复图
(a)由位错模式c得到的最小位移;(b) 由位错模式b得到的最大位移
Fig. 8 Restoration map of fault displacement on the alluvial fan P3
(a) Minimum displacement by model c; (b) Maximum displacement by model b
图8 洪积扇位错恢复图
(a)由位错模式c得到的最小位移;(b) 由位错模式b得到的最大位移
Fig. 8 Restoration map of fault displacement on the alluvial fan P3
(a) Minimum displacement by model c; (b) Maximum displacement by model b
图9 洪积扇P3光释光样品采样剖面
Fig.9 OSL sampling profile of western alluvial fan P3
图9 洪积扇P3光释光样品采样剖面
Fig.9 OSL sampling profile of western alluvial fan P3
表3 洪积扇P3光释光样品测年结果
Table 3 OSL dating result of western alluvial fan P3
样品编号 埋深
/m		 U
/(μg/g)		 Th
/(μg/g)		 K
/%		 实测含水量
/%		 环境剂量率
/(Gy/ka)		 测试粒径
/μm		 测试方法 等效剂量/Gy 年龄/ka
OSL-1 5 2.49 11.4 2.06 4.18 4.32 4~11 SMAR 437.69±39.73 101.22±13.67
表3 洪积扇P3光释光样品测年结果
Table 3 OSL dating result of western alluvial fan P3
样品编号 埋深
/m		 U
/(μg/g)		 Th
/(μg/g)		 K
/%		 实测含水量
/%		 环境剂量率
/(Gy/ka)		 测试粒径
/μm		 测试方法 等效剂量/Gy 年龄/ka
OSL-1 5 2.49 11.4 2.06 4.18 4.32 4~11 SMAR 437.69±39.73 101.22±13.67
图10 洪积扇P3暴露年龄分布和年龄概率密度曲线
Fig.10 Distribution and probability density plot of 10Be surface exposure ages for fan P3
图10 洪积扇P3暴露年龄分布和年龄概率密度曲线
Fig.10 Distribution and probability density plot of 10Be surface exposure ages for fan P3
图11 东昆仑断裂带中段基于断错地貌研究的位移—年龄图
矩形框表示位移—年龄范围,黑线和灰线分别表示68%和95%置信区间的速率历史路线,浅灰色和红色区域分别表示68%和95%置信区间的中值速率历史
Fig. 11 Displacement-age plot of middle segment from eastern Kunlun fault zone based on offset landform
Rectangular box, displacement-age envelope; Black & grey line, slip history path; Light grey & red area, median slip history with 68% & 95% confidence envelopes
图11 东昆仑断裂带中段基于断错地貌研究的位移—年龄图
矩形框表示位移—年龄范围,黑线和灰线分别表示68%和95%置信区间的速率历史路线,浅灰色和红色区域分别表示68%和95%置信区间的中值速率历史
Fig. 11 Displacement-age plot of middle segment from eastern Kunlun fault zone based on offset landform
Rectangular box, displacement-age envelope; Black & grey line, slip history path; Light grey & red area, median slip history with 68% & 95% confidence envelopes
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