城区与郊区土体湿度监测与对比分析——以南京市为例

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2012.02.0185

地球科学进展 ›› 2012, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (2): 185 -193. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2012.02.0185

顾凯 ¹，施斌 ^1*，唐朝生 ¹，高磊 ¹，姜洪涛 ²

1.南京大学地球科学与工程学院，江苏南京 210093； 
2.南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，江苏南京 210093

收稿日期:2011-09-21 修回日期:2011-11-30 出版日期:2012-02-10
通讯作者: 施斌（1961-），男，江苏海门人，教授，主要从事环境工程地质研究. E-mail:shibin@nju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目“城市‘热岛’效应环境中土体工程性质变化及其灾害效应研究”(编号：40730739)；国家自然科学基金项目“多孔硬化地面下土体的环境工程地质研究”(编号：41072210) 和“膨胀土龟裂的形成机理及其对工程性质的影响研究”(编号：41072211)资助.

Monitoring and Comparison of Soil Moisture in Urban and Suburban Area

Gu Kai ¹, Shi Bin ¹, Tang Chaosheng ¹, Gao Lei ¹, Jiang Hongtao ²

1.School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; 2.School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China

Received:2011-09-21 Revised:2011-11-30 Online:2012-02-10 Published:2012-02-10

下载PDF ( 1155 )

由城市化进程改变的城市空间热环境对城区土体湿度产生了重要影响。为了了解城区与郊区土体湿度的差异，以南京市为例，分别在城区、郊区建立了土体湿度监测站，分析2009年6月1日至2010年6月7日南京城区、郊区地下1 m范围内裸土、草地及混凝土覆盖环境下土体湿度的时空演化特征。研究结果表明，南京城区土体湿度总体上小于郊区，存在显著的城市土体“干岛效应”，年平均干岛强度为-7.4%。在时间尺度上，1月的干岛强度最小，为-2.1%；7月最大，达到-20.5%。在空间尺度上，郊区土体湿度随深度增加而增大，城区土体则无明显规律。在不同地面覆盖环境下，城区、郊区土体湿度变化规律不同：城区裸土环境下土体湿度日变化明显，而草地及混凝土下的土体湿度日变化相对较小，3种地面覆盖环境的年均土体湿度变化规律为草地（19.0%）<混凝土（26.4%）<裸土（29.5%）；郊区3种地面覆盖环境下土体湿度日变化区间及变化频率均比城区大，且年均土体湿度为混凝土（27.4%）<草地（34.7%）<裸土（36.2%）。最后，分析了造成城区、郊区土体湿度差异的原因。

关键词: 土体湿度, 城区, 现场监测, 剖面深度, 覆盖面, 干岛效应, 南京市

Urbanization has already significantly influenced urban thermal environment. Two monitoring stations were built both in urban and suburban Nanjing. The spatio-temporal characteristics of soil moisture, starting from June 1st, 2009 to June 7th, 2010, under three different land covers (bare soil, grass, concrete) within 1 m depth were studied. The result indicated that soil moisture in urban area was lower than that in suburban area, and revealed an obvious “urban dry island” effect in soil. The corresponding annual average urban dry island intensity (UDII) was approximately -7.4%. The UDII reached its gully and peak value in January and July, respectively, and the monthly average UDII was about -2.1% and -20.5%. In addition, soil moisture in suburban area increased with depth but this tendency is not significant in urban area. Moreover, it was observed that soil moisture under different land covers presented different characteristics. In urban area, daily soil moisture under bare soil cover was more variable than that under grass and concrete covers. The variation ranges of soil moisture under the three covers were all great. The sequences of yearly average soil moisture under the three covers were grass(19.0%)<concrete(26.4%)<bare soil (29.5%) in urban area and concrete(27.4%)<grass(34.7%)<bare soil (36.2%) in suburban area. The fluctuation of soil moisture in urban area is less severe than that in suburban area due to the large area of artificial land covers. The causes of the diversities in soil moisture were discussed and the urban heat island effect is one of the main reasons induce urban dry island effect.

Key words: Soil moisture, Urban area, Field monitoring, Depth of soil, Land covers, Urban dry island effect, Nanjing

中图分类号:

P642.11+4

[1]Seneviratne S I, Corti T, Davin E L,et al.Investigating soil moisture-climate interactions in a changing climate: A review[J].Earth Science Reviews, 2010, 99:125-161.
[2]Venkatesh B, Lakshman N, Purandara B K,et al. Analysis of observed soil moisture patterns under different land covers in Western Ghats, India[J].Journal of Hydrology, 2011, 397:281-294.
[3]Jackson T J. III Measuring surface soil moisture using passive microwave remote sensing[J]. Hydrological Processes, 1993, 7(2):139-152.
[4]Ruiz-Sinoga J D, Martínez-Murillo J F, Gabarrón-Galeote M A,et al.The effects of soil moisture variability on the vegetation pattern in Mediterranean abandoned fields (Southern Spain)[J].Catena, 2011, 85(1):1-11.
[5]Hodnett M G, Bell J P. Soil moisture investigation of groundwater recharge through black cotton soils in Madhya Pradesh, India[J]. Hydrological Sciences Journal,1986, 31(3): 361-381.
[6]Merz B, Plate E J. An analysis of the effect of spatial variability of soil and soil moisture on runoff[J]. Water Resources Research, 1997, 33(12): 2 909-2 922.
[7]Robinson D A, Jones S B, Wraith J M, et al. A review of advances in dielectric and electrical conductivity measurement in soils using time domain reflectometry[J].Vadose Zone Journal, 2003, 2:444-475.
[8]Topp G C.State of the art of measuring soil water content[J].Hydrological Processes, 2003,17:2 993-2 996.
[9]Qiu Y, Fu B J, Wang J, et al. Soil moisture variation in relation to topography and land use in a hillslope catchment of the Loess Plateau, China[J].Journal of Hydrology, 2001, 240:243-263.
[10]Qiu Y, Fu B J, Wang J, et al. Spatiotemporal prediction of soil moisture content using multiple-linear regression in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Catena, 2004, 54:173-195.
[11]Longobardi A. Observing soil moisture temporal variability under fluctuating climatic conditions[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Science, 2008,5:935-969.
[12]Delta T. User Manual for the Profile Probe Type PR2 2.0[DB/OL].http:∥www.delta-t.co.uk/product-support-material.asp, 2011-08-15.
[13]Zeng Y, Qiu X F, Gu L H, et al. The urban heat island in Nanjing[J].Quaternary International, 2009,208:38-43.
[14]Gu Lihua. The Study of Nanjing City Urban Climate Effect[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 2008. [顾丽华. 南京市城市气候效应的研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2008.]
[15]Entekhabi D, Eagleson P S. Land surface hydrology parameterization for atmospheric general circulation models including subgrid scale spatial variability[J]. Journal of Climate, 1989,2:816-831.
[16]Famiglietti J S, Wood E F. Multiscale modeling of spatially variable water and energy balance processes[J]. Water Resources Research, 1994, 30:3 601-3 678.
[17]Koster R D, Suarez M J, Ducharne A, et al. A catchment-based approach to modeling land surface processes in a general circulation model. 1. Model structure[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,2000, 105:24 809-24 822.
[18]Chen X, Hu Q. Groundwater influences on soil moisture and surface evaporation[J].Journal of Hydrology, 2004, 297:285-300.
[19]Tang C S, Shi B, Gao L, et al.Urbanization effect on soil temperature in Nanjing, China[J/OL].Energy and Buildings, doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.08.003.

No related articles found!

阅读次数

全文

摘要