全球油气勘探研究进展及对沉积储层研究的需求

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2011.11.1150

近年来，全球油气勘探的重大发现和突破主要集中在被动大陆边缘深水区、岩性地层、海相碳酸盐岩、前陆盆地冲断带、成熟勘探地区、新勘探地区以及非常规油气等领域。勘探对象既包括常规构造、岩性地层、构造—岩性复合油气藏，也包括致密砂岩、页岩等非常规油气；勘探部位既包括被动大陆边缘、克拉通、前陆冲断带、前陆斜坡等常规油气藏分布区，又包括深水斜坡、湖盆中心等非常规油气聚集区。油气勘探整体表现为勘探对象多样，勘探地区复杂，勘探难度增大的新特征。因此，加强沉积储层研究，准确寻找有利储集体成为全球油气勘探的核心问题。同时，全球油气勘探研究进展也对沉积储层未来研究方向提出了相应的需求。特别是层序地层标准化与三维沉积体模式建立，海相碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩储层的沉积、成岩、改造一体化研究，深水沉积模式与储集体分布规律研究，深部储层有效孔隙发育与保持机理研究，致密砂岩、页岩等非常规储层纳米级孔喉系统的定量表征，火山岩、变质岩等特殊储层成因机理研究，沉积、成岩物理模拟与数值模拟技术攻关等，都将为全球油气勘探进展提供理论支持。

关键词: 油气勘探进展, 层序地层标准化, 三维沉积体模式, 非常规储层, 成岩物理模拟

Globally, the major exploration discoveries have been mainly concentrated in the deep water area of passive margins, carbonate rock, lithologicstratigraphic zone, foreland thrust belt, mature exploration area, new basin and unconventional oil/gas reservoir in recent years. Not only the conventional reservoirs including structural, lithologic-stratigraphic and structural-lithologic reservoirs, but also the unconventional reservoirs such as tight sandstone and shale have all become the important exploration targets. The exploration locations cover both conventional and unconventional petroleum distribution ranges. The former include continental margin, craton basin, foreland thrust belt and slope, and the latter include deep water slope and central lacustrine. The petroleum exploration shows the characteristics of all kinds of targets, complex environment and difficulty increase. Therefore, it has been the key work to strengthen the research on the sedimentology and reservoir and to find the favorable reservoirs. Also, the progess of global petroleum exploration has provided further direction of sedimentology and reservoir study. Particularly, the establishment of sequence stratigraphy standardization and 3D lithosomic body pattern, integrative research on sedimentation, diagenetic evolution and reconstruction of marine carbonate and clastic reservoirs, modeling of deep water sedimentation and distribution of reservoir, development of effective porosity with deep lying reservoir and its maintenance mechanism, quantitative characterization of nanometer pore and throat system in unconventional reservoirs such as tight sandstone and shale, formation mechanism of peculiar reservoirs such as volcanics and metamorphites, and tackling key problems in sedimentation and diagenetic physical and numerical modeling will certainly provide theory support for global petroleum exploration.

Key words: Petroleum exploration progress, Sequence stratigraphy standardization, 3D lithosomic body pattern, Unconventional reservoirs, Diagenetic physical modeling.

中图分类号:

P618.13

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摘要

Progresses in the Global Petroleum Exploration and Its Demand in Reservoir Research