水体沉积物环境质量基准建立方法研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.01.0053

近20年来，不同的研究机构和研究者先后提出了多种水体沉积物环境质量基准建立方法，这些方法大多产生于北美地区，都是以底栖动物为保护目标，直接或间接地以污染物的生物效应为依据，可划分为2类：即基于沉积物毒性试验、现场生物效应观察和效应发生频率统计的方法;基于平衡分配理论，污染物在沉积物固相—间隙水相间的分配关系的方法。各种方法都有其适用范围和局限性。目前研究中存在的主要问题是：无法明确污染物—生物效应间的因果关系，难以确定影响污染物生物有效性的因素及其影响程度。因此，至今还没有提出一种可广泛应用的沉积物环境质量基准建立方法。建立统一的沉积物毒性试验、测定标准，提高数据的可靠性，重视不同基准建立方法的结合，将是今后研究的重点和发展方向。

关键词: 沉积物环境质量基准, 生物效应, 水体沉积物

A variety of approaches have been devised to formulate national and regional sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) by various national and provincial agencies during the past 20 years. Most of these approaches are developed in North America, based directly or indirectly on the biological effects of sediment-associated contaminants, and focus on the protection of benthic organisms. These approaches can be categorized as the theoretically based approaches that attempt to account for the dynamic equilibrium of the contaminant exiting between sediment solids and interstitial water through equilibrium partitioning (EqP), and approaches based on sediment toxicity test, in situ biological effects survey and biological effect frequency. Each approach has certain advantages and limitations. The major problems with current approaches are the difficulties to establish causal relation and identify the factors and their ability mediating the bioavailability of sediment-associated contaminants. This review indicates that no single approach is likely to support deriving sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) under all circumstances. Standard chemical and biological testing methods should be established to improve the reliability of relevant data, and the integration of different approaches is also important in deriving sediment quality guidelines (SQGs).

Key words: Aquatic sediments, Sediment quality guidelines, Biological effect.

中图分类号:

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摘要

Review of Approaches for Deriving Sediment Quality Guidelines