火星探测器着陆区地貌环境特征初释

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.03.0366

地球科学进展 ›› 2005, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 366 -370. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.03.0366

新科学新技术新方法上一篇

火星探测器着陆区地貌环境特征初释

孙广友

1.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春 130021；
2.首都师范大学,北京 100037；
3.上海师范大学,上海 200234

收稿日期:2004-02-25 修回日期:2004-07-22 出版日期:2005-03-25

A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION ON THE GEOMORPHOLOGY ENVIRONMENT OF MARS REGION LANDED BY THE EXPLORES

SUN Guangyou

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China；
2 . Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037,China ；
3. Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234,China

Received:2004-02-25 Revised:2004-07-22 Online:2005-03-25 Published:2005-03-25

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2个火星探测器着陆区均为平原地貌, 但形态特征、物质结构和动力过程都有明显差异。勇士号着陆区主要为风蚀区，而机遇号着陆区主要为风积区；前者为板状砾质平原，后者是基岩出露的波状砂质平原。可能常年有主风向，它们属于无表水环境下极干旱的风成地貌，缺少融冻过程，风化速度远低于地球环境。地貌结构与物质都证明，火星过去曾有液态水存在。限于着陆区环境及探测器功能，如果水存在于地下深部，这两个探测器很难发现。

关键词: 火星探测器, 火星地貌, 水与生命

The landforms of two landing regions used by the Courage and the Opportunity are both plains with differences in the form and the matter structure and the dynamic process. The region landed by Courage mainly is a wind erosion area and the Opportunity mainly is a wind deposit area. And the former belongs to the plate gravel plain, or call it a gravel desert. The latter belongs to wave sand plain with rock bed, a sand desert with rock hill. The wind should be a main power and the windy direction should also be perennially same. These wind landforms are the results had transformed from the water landforms, certainly, the change of the landform power is a great. According to the landform classification, they belong to the dry landform by the windy power, and there is no the melt-freeze process. If the existences of river, lake, forest, grassland and marsh were possible on the ground of the Mars, the marsh wetland would be one which was disappeared in the last. There was big water in Mars in past time, but there was no direct evidence found in the tow landing regions, if there is water, it will only store in the deep of the underground, and the explorers are difficult in finding liquid water. The change of water in Mars may be a complex model.

Key words: The explorer of Mars, Mars landform, Water and life. 

中图分类号:

P691

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