纵向岭谷区生态系统变化及西南跨境生态安全研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.03.0338

地球科学进展 ›› 2005, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 338 -344. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.03.0338

何大明 ¹，吴绍洪 ²，彭华 ³，杨志峰 ⁴，欧晓昆 ¹，崔保山 ⁴

1.云南大学，云南昆明 650091；
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101；
3.中国科学院昆明植物研究所，云南昆明 650024；
4.北京师范大学，北京 100875

收稿日期:2004-03-11 修回日期:2004-08-13 出版日期:2005-03-25
通讯作者: 何大明 E-mail:hedaming@public.km.yn.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“纵向岭谷区生态系统变化及西南跨境生态安全研究”（编号：2003CB415100）资助.

A STUDY OF ECOSYSTEM CHANGES IN LONGITUDINAL RANGE-GORGE REGION AND TRANSBOUNDARY ECO-SECURITY IN SOUTHWEST CHINA

HE Daming ¹;WU Shaohong ²;PENG Hua ³;YANG Zhi-feng ⁴;OU Xiaokun ¹;CUI Baoshan ⁴

1. Yunnan University, Kunming 650091,China；
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101,China；
3. Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS, Kunming 650024,China; 
4. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875,China

Received:2004-03-11 Revised:2004-08-13 Online:2005-03-25 Published:2005-03-25

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位于我国西南、以纵向山系和大河为主体特征的纵向岭谷区，其地表主要自然物质、能量输送和人类活动等，表现出明显的“通道—阻隔”作用，产生了复杂多样的关联效应：使其成为亚洲大陆主要的纵向生物走廊、避难所和我国与东南亚重要的生态廊道，拥有北半球除沙漠和海洋外的各类生态系统，是全球生物物种的高富集区和世界级基因库，但其生态脆弱、灾害频发；主导了区内多民族沿河谷分布、在山间盆地聚居的“大分散、小聚居”格局，其社会经济发展地域分异大。因此，该区一直是地学和生物学等研究地表复杂环境系统与生命系统演变规律的关键地区，在全球具有不可替代性；同时，该区资源富集，短期开发行为多、环境退化加剧、贫困普遍，保护与发展矛盾极为突出，在西部具有典型性和代表性。

关键词: 纵向岭谷区, 跨境生态安全, 生态系统变化, 中国西南地区

Characterized by longitudinal mountain ranges, major rivers and deep valleys, the longitudinal range-gorge region (LRGR) in southwest China is regarded as unique worldwide in terms of landscape and biodiversity. The distinct “corridor-barrier” phenomenon caused by energy transportation and human activities makes the region an important ecological and economic corridor that links China and the Southeast Asian countries. While it houses every ecosystem in the northern Hemisphere except desert and ocean types, and is widely acknowledged as the concentrated area for various species and global gene reserve, it is subject to ecological vulnerability and frequent occurrences of natural disasters. Different ethnic groups scatter in small basins embraced by big mountains and present vast differences in respect of social and economic development. As a result, LRGR has long been regarded as a key area for earth sciences and biology research in search of environment and ecosystem change; meanwhile, LRGR is also a typical area in Western China characterized by high concentration of resources, worsening of environmental deterioration, impoverished rural poor, as well as contradiction between protection and development.Located in the upstream of the four major international rivers in Asia, LRGR is the hinge for China's regional cooperation with southeast and south Asia. At present, the region is under multi and large-scale disturbance, projecting serious ecological problems. For example, in China's ongoing development programs such as West Development, the region serves as resource bases for biology, ferrous metal and hydropower (with more than 30 cascade dams); while in the international passage program, 3 international expressways, 3 railways and 3 navigation channels will span the region. Along with the construction of such major engineering projects, ecosystem degradation and transboundary ecological security will become increasingly serious, which in turn makes LRGR a sensitive area that deserves global attention. Multi-disciplinary and cross-sector studies on transboundary resources in the region are directed to serve 3 major national needs: ①targeting at the national West Development Strategy to identify core scientific issues of ecological development and infrastructure construction in plateau mountains; ②targeting at national ecological security to develop maintenance mechanism and control methodology for transboundary ecological security and resource bases development; ③targeting at the national opening-up to south Asia to provide scientific grounds for multi-lateral diplomacy, trade and economic cooperation, as well as conflict resolution.

Key words: Ecosystem Changes, Southwest China, Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region, Transboundary Eco-security

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