收稿日期: 2007-04-18
修回日期: 2007-05-31
网络出版日期: 2007-07-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目“典型内陆河区域河西走廊地区降水规律的研究”(编号:40435016);“西部开发科技行动”重大项目“祁连山空中云水资源开发利用研究”(编号:2004BA901A16)资助.
The Response of Water Resource to Climate Change and its Impact on Ecological Environment in Shiyang River Basin
Received date: 2007-04-18
Revised date: 2007-05-31
Online published: 2007-07-10
近46年来石羊河流域的气温呈持续升高趋势,1994年显著变暖。与变暖前相比,年平均气温偏高1.0℃,线性增温速率快7倍。显著变暖后,流域年降水增加了15%(约15.8 mm),出山口径流却呈略减少趋势(约2.2亿m3),地下水位也在快速降低。出山口径流的略减少发生在上游山区年降水量减少的大背景下,人类活动是影响流域中游地表径流利用量和下游可利用量变化的主要原因。对植被的监测表明,以荒漠草甸和沙生植被为主的稀疏植被面积在快速减少,同时还存在植被类型的退化现象,植被覆盖面积和地下水位埋深两者呈显著负相关。受气候变化和人类活动的共同影响,石羊河流域的生态环境正在趋于恶化。
王宝鉴 , 张强 , 韩兰英 , 杨选雄5 , 黄玉霞 , 宋连春 . 石羊河流域水资源对气候变暖的响应及对生态环境的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007 , 22(7) : 730 -737 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.07.0730
The annual average temperature of the overall Shiyang river basin has a continuous warming trend for the recent 46 years, with 1994 being significantly warm. Compared with the previous warming, the average temperature increased by 1.0℃, and linear warming rate was 7 times faster. After the warming, annual rainfall was increased by 6.5% (about 16.1mm), runoff from mountain pass was slightly decreased (about 220 million m3), and the water table rapidly lowered. The runoff from mountains pass dropping slightly occurred in the context of decreasing mountain precipitation. Human activities were the main reasons which caused the changing of midstream and downstream utilization volume in the Shiyang river basin. Vegetation monitoring indicates that the area of sand meadow vegetation mainly of sparse vegetation is reducing rapidly and vegetation type is degenerating in the Shiyang River basin, vegetation coverage area and the basin water level were negatively correlated. Based on the climate change and human activities, the ecological environment is worsening in Shiyang river Basin.
Key words: Shiyang river basin; Climate change; Water resource; NDVI; Ecological environment.
[1]Qi Shanzhong, Wang Tao, Luo Fang, et al. A case study on characteristic and countermeasures of environment degradation in the Heihe river basin, Northwestern China[J]. Progress in Geography Science,2004,23(1):30-37.[齐善忠,王涛,罗芳,等. 黑河流域环境退化特征分析即防治研究[J].地理科学进展,2004,23(1):30-37.]
[2]Hao Xingming, Chen Yaning, Li Weihong. The driving forces of environmental change during the last 50 years in the Tarim river basin[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2006,61(3):262-272.[郝兴明,陈亚宁,李卫红.塔里木河流域近50年来生态环境变化的驱动力分析[J].地理学报,2006,61(3):262-272.]
[3]Cao Wenbing, Wan Li, Zeng Yijian, et al. Impact of global warming on the eco-environment in the headwater region of the Yellow river[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(1):40-47.[曹文柄,万力,曾亦健,等.气候变暖对黄河源区生态环境的影响[J].地学前缘, 2006,13(1):40-47.]
[4]Xue Zhongqi, Gong Bin, Wan Li, et al. Analyses of variations of the Ejina Oasis and relevant factors in the downstream of the Heihe river, northwest China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(1):48-51.[薛忠歧,龚斌,万力,等.黑河下游额济纳绿洲变化规律及其相关因素分析[J].地学前缘, 2006,13(1):48-51.]
[5]Li Xiaoyu, Song Dongmei, Xiao Duning. The variability of groundwater mineralization in Minqin oasis in Shiyan river basin[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005,60(2):319-327.[李小玉,宋冬梅,肖笃宁.石羊河下游民勤绿洲地下水矿化度的时空变异[J].地理学报,2005,60(2):319-327.]
[6]Wang Haifeng, Wang Zhongjing, Liao Lijun, et al. Study on Oasis distribution pattern in arid inland river basins[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2005,36(12):1 457-1 463.[王海峰,王忠静,廖丽君,等.干旱内陆河流域绿洲分布模式实证研究[J].水利学报,2005,36(12): 1 457-1 463.]
[7]Wang Qi, Shi Ji’an, Zhang Zhongning, et al. Current situation of the environment in Shiyang river basin and its evolutionary trends[J].Journal of Desert Research,2003,23(1):46-52.[王琪,史基安,张中宁,等.石羊河流域环境现状及其演化趋势分析,中国沙漠,2003,23(1):46-52.]
[8]Wang Baojian , Zhang Qiang, Zhang Jie. The discussion about the environment degradation question of Minqin oasis[J]. Arid Meteorology, 2004,22(4):87-92.[王宝鉴,张强,张杰.民勤绿洲生态环境演变[J].干旱气象,2004,22(4):87-92.]
[9]Shen Dajun, Cui Lijuan, Jiang Sumei. Institutional causes and countermeasures for water problem in Shiyang river basin[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2005,20(2):293-299.[沈大军,崔丽娟,姜素梅.石羊河流域水资源问题的制度原因及对策[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(2):293-299.]
[10]Lan Yongchao, Ding Yongjian, Shen Yongping, et al. Responding of river streamflow to the climate shift in the Hexi inland regi[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2003,25(2):188-192.[蓝永超,丁永建,沈永平,等.河西内陆河流域出山径流对气候转型的响应[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(2):188-192.]
[11]Song Dongmei, Xiao Duning, Zhang Zhicheng, et al. Change of ecological security of Minqin oasis in Shiyang river basin[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2004,24(3):335-342.[宋冬梅,肖笃宁,张志城,等.石羊河下游民勤绿洲生态安全时空变化分析[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(3):335-342.]
[12]Wei Fengying. The Statistical-Diagnosing and Forecast Method of Modern Climate[M].Beijing:China Meteorology Press, 1999:69-72.[魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1999:69-72.]
[13]Qin Dahe, Chen Zhenlin, Luo Yong, et al. Updated understanding of climate change sciences[J]. Advance in Climate Change Research,2007, 3(3):63-73.[秦大河,陈振林,罗勇,等.气候变化科学的最新认知[J].气候变化研究进展,2007, 3(3):63-73.]
[14]Tang Hongyu, Zhai Panmao. Comparison of surface air temperature in eastern and western China during 1951-2002[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(3):526-534.[唐红玉,翟盘茂,1951—2002年中国东、西部地区地面气温变化对比[J].地球物理学报, 2005,48(3):526-534.]
[15]Shi Yafeng, Shen Yongping, Li Dongliang, et al. Discussion on the present climate change from warm-dry to warm-wet in the northwest China[J].Quaternary Scineces,2003,23(2):152-164.[施雅风,沈永平,李栋梁,等.中国西北部气候由暖干向暖湿转型的特征和趋势探讨[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(2):152-164.]
[16]Gong Tongliang, Liu Changing, Liu Jingshi. Hydrological response of Lhasa river to climate chang and permafrost degradation in Xizang[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006,61(5):519-526.[巩同梁,刘昌明,刘景时,等.拉萨河冬季径流对气候变暖和冻土退化的响应[J].地理学报,2006,61(5):519-526.]
[17]Wang Baojian, Huang Yuxia, Wang Jinsong, et al. The seasonal distribution and time-varying of the cloud and vapor flux in Qilian mountain areas[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(9),948-955.[王宝鉴,黄玉霞,王劲松.祁连山云和空中水汽资源的季节分布与演变[J].地球科学进展,2006, 21(9),948-955.]
[18]Ma Zhuguo. Historical regular parrerns of the discharge in the Yellow River and the cause of their formation, comparison of surface air temperature in eastern and western China during 1951-2002[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(3):1 270-1 275.[马柱国.黄河流径流量的历史演变规律和成因[J].地球物理学报, 2005,48(6):1 270-1 275.]
[19]Wang Yu, Yang Libin, Zhang Xinhai, et al. Research on some questions concerning the load capacity analysis of water resources[J]. Advances in Water Science,2001 ,12(4):523-529.[王煜,杨立彬,张新海,等.西北地区水资源承载能力研究[J].水科学进展,2001,12(4):523-529.]
[20]Chang Jianxia, Wang Yimin, Huang Tinglin, et al. Water resources utilization problems and regulating approachs in the Shiyang river drainage basin[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2006,20(1):73-77.[畅建霞,王义民,黄廷林.石羊河流域水资源开发利用存在的问题及调控对策[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(1):73-77.]
[21]Zhou Xun, Wu Shengjun, Zhou Haiyan, et al. Some factors affecting the development of vegetations in the middle and lower reaches of the Heihe river[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(1/2);256-260 [周训,吴胜军,周海燕,等.甘肃黑河中下游影响绿洲植被发育的某些因素[J].地质通报,2006,25(1/2):256-260.]
[22]Chen Yaning, Li Weihong, Xu Hailiang, et al.The influence of groundwater on vegetation in the lower reaches of Tarim river, China[J].Geographica Sinica,2003,58(4):542-549.[陈亚宁,李卫红,徐海量,等.塔里木河下游地下水位对植被的影响[J].地理学报,2003,58(4):542-549.]
/
〈 |
|
〉 |