收稿日期: 2007-04-15
修回日期: 2007-05-29
网络出版日期: 2007-06-10
基金资助
科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项“西北农作物对气候变化的响应及其评价方法”（编号：2005DIB3J100）；中国气象局多轨道业务项目“西北区域干旱监测预警评估业务系统”；中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目“中国西北西邻气候和水份过程的变化特征及其相互联系的研究”（编号：KZCX3-SW-229）和西部开发科技行动重大项目“祁连山空中云水资源开发利用研究”（编号：2004BA901A16）共同资助.
Climate Change Characteristic of Northwest Chinain Recent Half Century
Received date: 2007-04-15
Revised date: 2007-05-29
Online published: 2007-06-10
利用中国西北地区（新、青、甘、宁、陕及内蒙古西部地区）1960—2003年131个测站年平均气温、年降水量、年蒸发量及年平均地面风速等资料，分析了近44年中国西北地区地面气候变化基本特征。研究表明：近半个世纪来中国西北地区基本都表现为显著的增温趋势，增温速率普遍为0.2~0.9℃/10 a，大部分地区高于0.22℃/10 a的全国平均水平，与全球变暖的大背景相一致，并且在1994年还发生了一次增温突变。西风带气候区年降水量表现为小幅增加趋势，而季风带气候区表现为小幅减少趋势。近44年来西北地区水面蒸发量表现为显著的减少趋势，且在1976年左右发生了减少突变。整个西北地区平均地面风速减少、日照时数减少、平均日较差减少、相对湿度增加及平均低云量增加可能是水面蒸发量减少的重要原因。
王鹏祥 , 张强 , 陆登荣 , 王德民 , 杨金虎 , 何金海 . 近半个世纪来中国西北地面气候变化基本特征[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007 , 22(6) : 648 -656 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.06.0648
By use of data of annual average temperature, annual precipitation, pan evaporation, and annual average surface wind speed collected at 131 stations from 1960 to 2003 in Northwest China (covering the provinces and regions of Xingjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi and the west of Inner Mongolia), the climate change characteristic was analyzed for the last half century. The result showed that temperature display marked increasing tendency in Northwest China except in the southeast of Qinghai and fraction area of Xinjiang, and the tendency rate was 0.2~0.9℃/10a. Sudden change took place from low to high in 1994; it was found that annual total precipitation showed increasing tendency in westerly climate region of Northwest China. Decreasing tendency in Monsoon climate region of Northwest China displayed, but the tendency was weak; it was proved that pan evaporation showed decreasing tendency in whole Northwest China, and sudden change took place from more to few in 1976; it was also found that the main cause which pan evaporation was decreased was likely the decrease of surface wind speed, sunlight duration, average daily range and the increase of relative humidity, average low cloud cover.
Key words： Northwest China; Climate; Change.
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