中国近海盆地常规/非常规油气（页岩油/天然气水合物）历经半个多世纪的勘探开发，已取得了长足进展和重大突破，成为中国油气增储上产的重要区域和化石能源资源新的增长极。基于前人研究及勘探开发成果，系统分析了中国近海的渤海、东海和南海北部主要盆地构造结构类型、沉积充填特征、油气成因类型及烃源供给关系，阐明了主要盆地常规/非常规油气（页岩油/天然气水合物）成因及成藏组合类型，指出其总体具有“陆生海储、下生上储、自生自储及新生古储”和“一源多流”的特点，并且不同盆地及区带油气成藏富集存在显著差异性。勘探及研究表明，渤海盆地、南海北部湾盆地和珠江口盆地北部浅水区属“油型盆地”，以石油资源为主。东海盆地、南海西北部/北部莺歌海盆地、琼东南盆地及珠江口盆地南部深水区属“煤型气盆地”，主要形成煤型气田或油气田；中国近海盆地油气成藏富集差异主要受控于“盆地—烃源—热场—输导”机制。其中，常规油气分布主要富集于富生烃凹陷及其周缘，烃源岩质量及成藏组合类型决定了盆地油气资源产出特点及分布富集特征。非常规油气页岩油主要富集在富生烃凹陷沉积充填巨厚埋藏深的洼陷中，且与优质泥页岩烃源岩展布规模及生烃潜力密切相关。天然气水合物分布富集与常规油气一样遵循源控论理论，但天然气以水溶相运聚为主，受气源和高压低温稳定带控制，且以固体矿藏形式产出。尤其值得关注的是，南海北部深水盆地常规油气与非常规油气纵向上分布富集，多具有浅表层水合物及浅层生物气/热解气与深部成熟—高熟油气叠置共存、复式富集的显著特点，这为未来常规油气和非常规油气富集区评价预测以及“油气并举”“常非兼探共采/合采”的油气勘探开发战略的实施提供了重要的决策依据和参考借鉴。

After more than half a century of exploration and development, significant progress and breakthroughs have been made in oil and gas/unconventional oil and gas (shale oil/natural gas hydrates) extraction in offshore basins in China, and these basins have become an important area for increasing oil and gas reserves and production in China, as well as a new growth pole for fossil energy resources. Based on previous research and a large number of oil and gas exploration and development achievements in recent years, this article analyzes and summarizes the structural types, sedimentary fill characteristics, oil and gas genesis types, and hydrocarbon supply relationships of the main basins in the Bohai Sea, East China Sea, and northern South China Sea near China. It further elucidates the genesis and reservoir combination types of oil and gas/unconventional oil and gas in the main basins, pointing out that they generally have the characteristics of “terrestrial marine storage, lower generation upper storage, self-generation self storage, and new generation ancient storage” and “one source, multiple flows”. On this basis, it further reveals the differences in oil and gas accumulation and enrichment in different basins and zones. Exploration and research show that the Bohai Basin, Beibu Gulf Basin in the South China Sea, and the shallow water area in the northern region of the Pearl River Mouth Basin belong to “oil type basins”, producing mainly oil. The East China Sea Basin, Yinggehai Basin in the northern region of the South China Sea, Qiongdongnan Basin, and deep-water area in the southern part of the Pearl River Mouth Basin are “coal-type gas basins”, forming mainly coal-type gas fields or oil and gas fields. The differences in oil and gas accumulation and enrichment in China’s offshore basins are mainly controlled by the “basin source heat transport” mechanism. Among these basins, conventional oil and gas distribution is mainly enriched in hydrocarbon-rich depressions and their periphery. The quality of source rocks and the type of reservoir combination determine the characteristics of the oil and gas resource production and distribution enrichment in the basin. Unconventional shale oil and gas are mainly enriched in the sedimentary fill of rich hydrocarbon generating depressions with thick burial depths and are closely related to the distribution scale and hydrocarbon generation potential of high-quality shale source rocks. Although the distribution and enrichment of natural gas hydrates follow the source control theory, similar to conventional oil and gas, natural gas is mainly transported and accumulated in a water-soluble phase, controlled by gas sources and high-pressure and low-temperature stable zones, and produced in the form of solid mineral deposits. At the end of the article, it is emphasized that conventional and unconventional oil and gas are vertically distributed and enriched in the deep-water basins of the northern South China Sea, with the significant characteristics of shallow hydrate and shallow biogenic gas/pyrolysis gas coexisting with deep high maturity oil and gas and complex enrichment. This provides an important basis for decision-making, a reference for evaluation and prediction of oil and gas and unconventional oil and gas enrichment areas in the future, and the implementation of oil and gas exploration and development strategies such as simultaneous development of oil and gas and exploration and co-production of both normal and unconventional oil and gas.