土壤生态系统功能与服务是土壤支撑地球环境和全球社会可持续发展的基石。土壤团聚 体系统是土壤形成的物质基础，也是土壤和这些生态系统功能与服务的物质支撑。通过总结土壤 有机碳积累和稳定、生物多样性保持及土壤酶活性与微域生物地球化学过程调控等关键生态系统 功能和服务，探讨了它们与土壤团聚体系统发育的关系，特别是对团聚体性质及功能的测试方法 及数据处理方法进行了详细梳理，并对这些方法如何促进了人们对土壤团聚体系统的科学认识进 行了总结。着重分析讨论了土壤团聚体系统作为多样化微域空间对土壤固碳、生物多样性和酶活 性的调节或控制机制，强调了团聚体颗粒—孔隙系统的多样性与这些功能和服务的多样化提供的 关系，提出团聚体系统的多样性是理解和诠释土壤对于生态系统多样性发育及其可持续服务的重 要视角。同时，通过案例研究的数据挖掘和分析提出了改进的试验分析数据表达方法，以便客观 反映土壤团聚体系统在土壤功能和服务中的基础作用，以及人类管理活动对这些功能和服务的改 善和提升作用，以此指导土壤的可持续管理。最后，讨论了土壤团聚体系统研究在土壤与环境可 持续发展关系研究中的重要性，建议将土壤团聚体系统视作土壤最基础的功能单元，而不仅仅是 野外（田间）活动的直接受体。总之，土壤团聚体系统在地球生物地球化学循环和土壤健康中扮演 着关键角色，因而需要对其进行长期而深入的系统研究，并建立全球统一的土壤团聚体系统生态 过程、功能的分析和表征方法框架。现代土壤学的发展以促进土壤健康和推动可持续发展为目 标，其核心基础在于对土壤团聚体系统的深入研究和理解。

Abstract：Ecosystem functions and services provided by soil in earth surface has been considered as the key foundation supporting global society and environment sustainability. All of these functions and services are closely linked to aggregate hierarchy system of the soil cover. In this review, key ecosystem functions and services provided by soil including accumulation and stabilization of organic carbon, biodiversity conservation, Extracellular Enzyme Activities (EEAs) mediating biogeochemical cycling are overviewed linking to development of aggregate hierarchy system. In particular, understanding these functions and services by aggregate system in line with methodology updating of aggregate separation, characterization and data analysis/ synthesis are discussed in depth. The discussions are focused on potential mechanistic linkage of multi-functions of these soil carbon sequestration, microbial diversity protection and EEAs modulation to the diverse micro-scale spatial pattern of the different hierarchies of aggregate size fractions. Following, the dual structure of soil aggregates and the associated pore system is highlighted in the diverse provisioning of the above mentioned functions and services. In the way, we point to the diversity of the aggregate-pore structure of the hierarchy aggregate systems of or within a soil as the key to understand the formation and development of the above mentioned functions and services for a give soil system. Meanwhile, through re-visiting and exploring the original data in some cases of soil aggregate studies published, we propose some novel methods for better characterizing the key roles of soil aggregate system in provisioning the ecosystem services and the improvement with rational practices or reasonable interference so as to guide sustainable soil management. Finally, comments on the importance of soil aggregate study in the research of Earth system sustainability. We urge a holistic understanding of soil aggregates as fundamental soil functioning units, instead of a direct agent in field process. Considering a key player in biogeochemical cycling and soil health, we call for a well-designed but long pursuing study of soil hierarchy aggregate systems and a global unification of soil aggregate characterizing and parameterization. This should be considered as a core foundation of soil system science in the late 21th century.