海底甲烷渗漏是海洋环境中甲烷的重要来源，对全球碳循环和极端环境生物地球化学循 环具有重要影响，示踪和重建海底（古）甲烷渗漏活动具有重要的科学意义。在甲烷渗漏活动过程 中，硫酸盐驱动的甲烷厌氧氧化作用普遍发育，从而改变孔隙水地球化学特征，并导致自生矿物的 形成。其中，自生黄铁矿是硫酸盐驱动的甲烷厌氧氧化的典型自生矿物之一，可作为记录甲烷渗 漏活动的良好指标。综述了硫酸盐驱动的甲烷厌氧氧化衍生自生黄铁矿的地球化学特征和形貌 特征，评估了其在示踪和重建海底（古）甲烷渗漏活动的潜力。结果表明，自生黄铁矿的硫和铁同 位素及原位微量元素和同位素可以有效识别硫酸盐驱动的甲烷厌氧氧化过程，甲烷渗漏环境沉积 物中自生黄铁矿的形貌和含量与正常海洋沉积物存在明显差异，彰显了自生黄铁矿示踪和重建海 底（古）甲烷渗漏事件的巨大潜力。

Seafloor methane seepage is an important source of methane and affects the global carbon cycle and extreme environmental biogeochemical cycles. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to identify modern and ancient seafloor methane seepage. During methane leakage activities, Sulfate-Driven Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane (SD-AOM) is commonly developed, which changes the geochemical characteristics of pore water and leads to the formation of authigenic minerals. Among them, authigenic pyrite is one of the typical authigenic minerals of SD-AOM and can be used as a good indicator for recording methane leakage activities. This paper summarizes the geochemical and morphological characteristics of SD-AOM-derived authigenic pyrite and evaluates its potential for tracing and reconstructing seabed (paleo- ) methane leakage activities. The results show that the sulfur and iron isotopes, as well as in-situ trace elements and isotopes of authigenic pyrite, can effectively identify the SD-AOM process. In addition, there are significant differences in the morphology and content of authigenic pyrite in sediments in methane leakage environments compared with normal marine sediments, highlighting the great potential of authigenic pyrite in tracing and reconstructing seabed (paleo- ) methane leakage events.