冬季黑潮延伸体海域海洋涡旋影响局地大气强对流的研究
收稿日期: 2020-03-07
修回日期: 2020-04-10
网络出版日期: 2020-06-05
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重大项目“黑潮及延伸体海域海气相互作用机制及其气候效应“(41490643)
Study About Ocean Eddy Effect on Strong Convection in Local Atmosphere over the Kuroshio Extension Region
Received date: 2020-03-07
Revised date: 2020-04-10
Online published: 2020-06-05
Supported by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Sea-air interaction mechanism in the Kuroshio and extended sea areas and its climate effect"(41490643)
黑潮延伸体海区是冬季西北太平洋向大气加热的关键海区。前人研究表明活跃在黑潮延伸体海区的海洋涡旋会通过影响海表面温度而影响海面风。回顾了最近几年该海域海洋涡旋影响局地大气的研究成果,重点从船测探空资料、卫星观测资料和模式数值实验3个方面分析和比对了已有的研究成果,依据该海区海洋涡旋导致大气异常的地转适应理论,得到了如下新的科学推论:海洋涡旋上空大气运动较慢时,大气对海洋涡旋的响应表现以气压调整机制为主,海洋涡旋的影响常常被限制在大气边界层中;海洋涡旋上空大气的运动较快时,大气对暖(冷)涡的响应以垂直混合机制为主,海表面风速在暖(冷)水上加(减)速,海表面风强辐合出现在暖水的背景风下游一侧,并从暖水上空携带了大量水汽;通过水汽凝结与海面辐合上升之间的正反馈机制,为导致大气中出现强对流提供了必要条件。该推论将有利于进一步定量刻画海洋涡旋对大气的影响。
刘秦玉 , 张苏平 , 贾英来 . 冬季黑潮延伸体海域海洋涡旋影响局地大气强对流的研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020 , 35(5) : 441 -451 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.041
The Kuroshio Extension (KE) is the key area where the water heats the atmosphere in the northwestern Pacific Ocean in winter. Previous studies show that the active eddies in the KE area can affect sea surface temperature and thus sea surface winds. The present study reviewed the progress about the influences of the eddies on local atmosphere in recent years. Analysis and comparison were made especially for the achievements from shipboard sounding data, satellite observations and numerical experiments. Based on the geostrophic adaptation theory involved in atmospheric anomalies induced by the eddies, the following new scientific deductions were suggested: Air pressure adjustment mechanism dominated in the atmospheric response to eddies under the conditions of weaker wind speed over the eddies. The influence of eddies was often limited in the atmospheric boundary layer. On the other hand, vertical mixing mechanism played a major role in the response of the atmosphere to warm (cold) eddies when air moved faster over the eddies. Surface wind speed increased (decreased) over the warm (cold) water. Significant wind convergence took place downwind the warm water, and large amount of water vapor was transported also downwind from the warm water surface. The positive feedback between water vapor condensation and rising air forced by the surface convergence provided necessary conditions for the development of strong convection in atmosphere. These deductions will be conducive to further depicting the impact of oceanic eddies on the atmosphere quantitatively.
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