深海油藏开发环境复杂,开采成本非常高,水平井及流入控制装置(ICD)得到了广泛应用,但长水平井及多分支井的产液剖面监测、水突破时间及见水井段的判断等一直是难题。挪威RESMAN公司和英国Tracerco公司研发的智能化学示踪剂技术因其风险低、寿命长,在水平井监测中日益受到重视。由于目前国内在该领域缺乏相关研究,故综述了智能化学示踪剂技术在深海水平井中的应用,系统介绍了智能化学示踪剂技术的原理、设计、装配、放置、取样及解释方法,并结合国外油田的具体实例,一方面阐述了高频瞬态取样方法及应用示踪剂团冲洗模型、到达模型进行产液剖面解释的技术思路,另一方面介绍了低频稳态取样方法及应用示踪剂通量模型进行见水时间及见水位置分析的技术思路。智能化学示踪剂技术实现了对油藏生产的持续监测,不需要改变水平井完井设计,对油井生产干扰小,油藏适用范围广,在碳酸盐岩储层、砂岩储层、页岩储层、含H₂S和CO₂气体以及温度高达137 ℃的油藏均有成功应用的实例,该技术应用前景十分广阔。

Deepwater oilfield development is very high cost venture in complex reservoir and production conditions. Reservoir development that relies on long horizontal wells and inflow control devices is common practice. Inflow profile monitoring and identification of the time and location of water breakthrough in long horizontal wells are challenging issues due to well production intervention. Intelligent chemical tracer technology, mainly developed by RESMAN and Tracerco, plays an important role in horizontal well monitoring because of its almost no risk and long duration, which gains increasing attention. Because of the inadequate study on intelligent tracer in China, this paper summarized the application of intelligent chemical tracer technology in deep-sea horizontal wells based on examples from overseas oilfields, and comprehensively introduced its basic principles, tracer system design, assembly, placement, sampling and interpretation of intelligent chemical tracer technology. Interpretation process of liquid production profiles along horizontal wells based on high frequency transient tracer sampling and tracer flushing and tracer reaching model was described. The identification process of the time and location of water breakthrough was explained through the low-frequency steady-state sampling and tracer flux model. The intelligent tracer technology achieves the continuous monitoring of oil and water production without changing the horizontal well completion design and without production intervention during monitoring, which has been proved to be suitable in a large range of reservoir condition, such as carbonate, sandstone, shale reservoirs and reservoirs with H₂S/CO₂ and temperature up to 137 ℃. More and more successful application cases of intelligent tracer make it to become a very potential and efficient technology.