作者简介:方修琦(1962-),男,吉林前郭人,教授,主要从事环境演变及其影响研究.E-mail:xfang@bnu.edu.cn
收稿日期: 2017-08-06
修回日期: 2017-10-05
网络出版日期: 2018-01-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目“中国历史气候与社会系统周期变化的协同效应分析”(编号:41371201);北京师范大学新生研讨课建设项目“气候变化与文明”(编号:1301-01)资助
版权
Patterns of the Impacts of Climate Change on Civilization
First author:Fang Xiuqi(1962-),male, Qianguo County,Jilin Province,Professor.Research areas include environment change and its impacts.E-mail:xfang@bnu.edu.cn
Received date: 2017-08-06
Revised date: 2017-10-05
Online published: 2018-01-10
Supported by
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Synergy effects of periodic changes of climate and social systems in the history of China”(No.41371201);The Beijing Normal University “Development of a freshmen seminar course named climate changes and civilization”(No.1301-01)
Copyright
方修琦 , 张頔旸 . 气候变化影响区域文明发展演化的主要表现方式[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017 , 32(11) : 1218 -1225 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.11.1218
Climate change has profoundly impacted the development of human civilization. It is one of the basic forces that have led to the rise and fall of regional civilization. The manifestations and ultimate consequences of the impacts of climate change on social development are the products of the interaction between climate change and human society, which are both related to the characteristics of climate change and to the adaptation of human society. Based on the published papers on climate change and civilization during the past 20 years, five patterns of the impacts of climate change on civilization were summarized. They are periodic changes, pulse, adaptive transition, collapse, migration and replacement. Periodic changes and pulse occurred when climate change impacts were within the resilience of human social systems. Thus, there was no need for major structural changes in the human society. Adaptive transition was a fruit of successful response of the human system when the extent of abrupt climatic change or the trend of climate change exceeded the available range of human social systems In contrast, collapse was a result of failed response of the human system. Migration and replacement, in which people moved from their original living place to other regions and sometimes even replaced the aboriginal civilizations with the colonized civilization, could occur no matter the impacts of climate change had exceeded the resilience of human system. The summarization is expected to be useful for the understanding of the mechanism on the relationship between climate change and civilization, and for coping with the challenges of future global climate change.
Key words： Climate change; Civilization; Impacts of climate change; Adaption; Pattern.
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