鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区延长组长4+5致密油层储量潜力巨大, 但储层成岩作用研究较为薄弱, 相对高孔高渗储层成因机理和分布规律不清, 严重制约着该区长4+5的勘探开发进程。通过常规薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针、阴极发光、显微荧光、X-射线衍射、流体包裹体、高压压汞和常规物性等测试方法, 对华庆地区的长4+5储层成岩作用、成岩相及物性特征进行了研究。研究结果表明:研究区长4+5主要处于中成岩阶段A期, 铁方解石、石英及高岭石的胶结作用是造成储层低孔特低渗的根本原因;绿泥石膜胶结作用和早期油的充注有效保护了储层孔隙, 抑制了机械压实作用和胶结作用;长石碎屑的溶蚀作用有利于相对高孔高渗储层的形成。主要划分出绿泥石膜胶结残余粒间孔相、机械压实相、绿泥石膜胶结─长石溶蚀相和碳酸盐胶结相4类成岩相, 其中绿泥石膜胶结─长石溶蚀相为相对高孔高渗储层发育区, 一般面孔率大于6.0 %, 孔隙度大于16.0 %, 渗透率大于1.30×10^-3 μm², 主要分布在半深湖线附近且位于主砂带的水下分流河道微相和滑塌浊积水道微相砂体中部。综合研究表明, 沉积作用和成岩作用共同控制着相对高孔高渗储层的分布。

Though the prospective of reserves of tight oil reservoir of Chang 4+5 member of Yanchang Formation is great in Huaqing area, Ordos Bsin, but its speed of oil exploration and development has been much restricted much by weak reservoir diagenesis research. To study the characteristics of diagenesis, diageneticfacies and physical properties of reservoir of Chang 4+5 in Huaqing area, a series of analytic techniques were used, including polarized light microscope, casting slice, scanning electron microscope, electron probe microanalysis, cathodeluminescence, micro fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, fluid inclusion, high pressure mercury, physical properties, etc. The results showed that the ferrocalcite, quartz and kaolinite cementation caused the background of low porosity and ultra low permeability reservoir of Chang 4+5 reservoir in the study area, and the diagenetic stage belonged to the “A” middle now. Chlorite film cementation and early oil accumulation effectively protected pores and limited the mechanical compaction and the cementation. The intense dissolution of feldspar could greatly improve the reservoir porosity and cause the relatively high porosity and permeability reservoir. There are mainly divided into four kinds of diagenetic facies, including chlorite cementation residual intergranular pore facies, the mechanical compaction facies, chlorite cementation and feldspathic solution facies, carbonate cementation facies. The most favorable diagenetic facies is feldspathic solution facies, which mainly distributes in the middle sandbody of the fluxoturbidite and underwater distributary channel of the main sand belt adjacent the semi-deep lake shoreline, and it is favorable to the formation of relatively high porosity and permeability reservoir, of which surface porosity is more than 6.0%, porosity is more than 16.0 %, permeability is more than 1.30×10^-3μm². Comprehensive studies have shown that the combination of sedimentation and diagenesis controls the distribution of relatively high porosity and permeability reservoir.