收稿日期: 2002-09-16
修回日期: 2003-02-13
网络出版日期: 2003-06-01
基金资助
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“大陆地幔柱剖析及其成矿效应”(编号:G1999043205)资助.
IDENTIFICATION AND EVOLUTION OF MANTLE PLUME: AN OVERVIEW
Received date: 2002-09-16
Revised date: 2003-02-13
Online published: 2003-06-01
地幔柱的研究已逐渐成为人类认识地球深部动力学机制的重要手段,其诞生-演化与LIPs形成、超大陆裂解以及生物大灭绝事件密切相关。近几十年来,对地幔柱的研究和探索取得了重要进展,尤其是动态地幔柱模式(t ime-dependent)的提出将这一研究热点推向了新的台阶。综合了近些年在地幔柱识别和演化方面的研究资料对前人工作进行总结,归结为以下几个主要方面:地幔柱的时空尺度及其与热点、溢流玄武岩、地壳抬升间的联系;地幔柱的热和物质起源;地幔柱上升和演化的动力学基础。目前仍存在的问题包括:地幔柱是主动还是被动上涌?地幔柱起源于上-下地幔还是核-幔边界?OIB是否代表原始地幔柱的熔融岩浆?无疑这些问题的深入探索将拓宽人类对核幔耦合、地幔对流及浅部物质-能量响应等动力学机制的认识。
贺世杰 , 郭锋 . 地幔柱的识别和演化研究述评[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003 , 18(3) : 433 -439 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.03.0433
Study on mantle plume activity and its derivative outcrops has become an important way to unravel the deep geodynamic process of the Earth. It is widely accepted that the upwelling of mantle plume is closely associated with LIPs (Large Igneous Provinces), breakups of supercontinent and mass extinctions. In the recent decades, much advance has been achieved in understanding the movement and origin of identified upwelling mantle plume, of which the hypothesis of time-dependent mantle plume model provide a new thought for its evolution and plume-related magmas. This paper summarizes the major progresses in the identification and evolution of mantle plume during the past decades as below: ①The time-space scale of mantle plume and its relationship with hotspot, flood basalts, surface uplift; ② The origin of the tremendous heat and mass transferred by mantle plume to the Earth's surface; ③The fundamental conditions for upwelling and temporal evolution of mantle plume. Additionally, some of issues are controversy on mantle plume as the following aspects: ①Active versus passive upwelling? ②Origin from upper mantle-lower mantle boundary or the core-mantle boundary? ③Original or mixed sources represented by OIBs and CFBs? The answers to these issues will naturally be crucial to understand the coupling between core and mantle, mantle convection model and surface mass and heat responses induced by deep geodynamic processes.
Key words: Mantle plume; Hotspot; Identification and evolution.
[1] Morgan W J. Hotspots tracks and the opening of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans [A]. In: Emiliani C,ed. The Sea[C]. New York: Wiley, 1981.443-487.
[2] Morgan W J. Hotspot tracks and the early rifting of the Atlantic [J]. Tectonophysics, 1983, 94: 123-139.
[3] Campbell F H, Griffiths R W. Implications of mantle plume structure for the evolution of flood basalts [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1990, 99: 79-83.
[4] Griffiths R W, Compbell I H. Stirring and structure in mantle plume [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1990, 99: 66-78.
[5] White R S, Schilling J G, Hart S R. Evidence for the Azores mantle plume from strontium isotope geochemistry of the central North Atlantic [J]. Nature, 1976,263:659-663.
[6] Zindler A, Hart S R. Chemical geodynamics [J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science, 1986, 14: 493-457.
[7] Larson R L. Latest pulse of Earth: Evidence for a mid-Cretaceous superplume [J]. Geology, 1991, 19: 547-550
[8] Cox K G. A superplume in the mantle [J]. Nature, 1991, 352:564-565.
[9] Fuller M, Weeks R. Superplumes and superchrons [J]. Nature, 1992, 356:16-17.
[10] Maruyama S. Plume tectonics [J]. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 1994, 100: 24-49.
[11] Kumazawa M, Maruyama S. Whole Earth tectonics [J]. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 1994, 100: 81-102.
[12] Weinstein S, Olson P. The proximity of hotspots to convergent and divergent plate boundaries [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1989, 16: 433-436.
[13] Richards M A, Griffiths R W. Deflection of plumes by mantle shear flow: Experimental results and a simple theory [J]. Geophysical Journal Royal Astronomy Society, 1988, 94: 367-376.
[14] Stothers R B. Hotspots and sunspots: Surface tracers of deep mantle convection in the earth and sun [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1993, 116: 1-8.
[15] Anderson D L. Chemical plumes in the mantle [J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1975, 86:1 593-1 600.
[16] Nataf H C , Vandecar J. Seismological detection of a mantle plume [J]. Nature, 1993, 364: 115-120.
[17] Deffeys K S. Plume convection with an upper mantle temperature inversion [J]. Nature, 1972, 240: 539-544.
[18] Hill R I. Mantle plume and continental tectonics [J]. Lithospheric, 1993, 30: 193-206.
[19] White R S, McKenzie D P. Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1989, 94: 1 785-7 729.
[20] Davies G F. Mantle convection [J]. Journal of Geology, 1992, 100: 151-206.
[21] Loper D E, Stacey F D. The dynamical and thermal structure of deep mantle plumes [J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior, 1983, 33: 304-317.
[22] Vogt P R . Volcano spacing, fractures, and thickness of the lithosphere [J]. Earth Planetary Science Letters, 1974, 21: 235-252.
[23] Olson P, Christensen U. Solitary wave propagation in a fluid conduit within a viscous matrix [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1986, 91: 6 367-6 374.
[24] Helfrich K P, Whitehead J A. Solitary waves on conduits of buoyant fluid in a mote viscous fluid [J]. Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, 1990, 51: 35-52.
[25] Olson P, Singer H. Creeping plumes [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1986,91:6 367-6 374.
[26] Hieronymous C F. A theoretical model of hotspot volcanism: Control on Volcanic spacing and patterns via magma dynamics and lithospheric stresses [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2001, 106: 683-702.
[27] Wessel P, Kroenke L. A geometric technique for relocating hotspots and refining absolute plate motions [J]. Nature, 1997, 387: 365-367.
[28] Klosko E R, Russo R M, Okal E A, et al. Evidence for a rheologically strong chemical mantle root beneath the Ontong-Java Plateau [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2001, 186: 347-361.
[29] Albers M, Christensen U R. Channeling of plume flow beneath mid-ocean ridges [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2001, 187(1/2): 207-220.
[30] Abelson M, Agnon A. Hotspots activity and plume pulses recorded by geometry of spreading axes [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2001, 189: 31-47.
[31] Xu Yigang, Linchun Sun, Jahn B M, et al. Petrologic and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of permian-triassic Emeishan flood basalts in southwestern china [J]. Lithospheric, 2001, 58: 145-168.
[32] White R S, McKenzie D P. Mantle plume and continental flood basalts [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1995, 100: 17 534-17 585.
[33] Moore W B, Schubert G, Tackley P. Three dimensional simulation of plume-lithosphere interaction in the Hawaii swell [J]. Science, 1997, 279: 1 008-1 011.
[34] Griffiths R W, Campell I H. On the dynamics of long-lived plume conduits in the convecting mantle [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1991, 103: 214-227.
[35] Puffer J H. Contrasting high field strength element contents of continental flood basalts from plume versus reactivated-arc sources [J]. Geology, 2001, 29: 675-678.
[36] Matsumoto T, Honda M, McDougall I, et al. Plume-like neon in a metasomatic apatite from the Australian lithospheric mantle [J]. Nature, 1997, 388:162-164.
[37] Li Xianhua, Li Zhengxiang, Ge Wenchun, et al. U-Pb zircon ages of the neoproterozoic granitoids in south china and their tectonic implications [J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2001, 20(4): 271-273. [李献华,李正祥,葛文春,等. 华南新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2001, 20(4): 271-273.]
[38] Fukao Y, Maruyama S, Obayashi M, et al. Geological implications of the whole mantle P-wave topography [J]. Journal of Geological Society of Japan, 1994, 100: 4-23.
[39] Olson P, Singer H. Creeping plumes [J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1985, 158: 511-531.
[40] Anderson D L. Theory of the Earth [M]. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1989.
[41] Thybo H, Perchuc E. The seismic degree discontinuity and partial melting in continental mantle [J]. Science, 1997, 275: 1 626-1 629.
[42] Revenauth J, Meyer R. Seismic evidence of partial melt within a possibly ubiquitous low-velocity layer at the base of the mantle [J]. Science, 1996, 277:670-673.
[43] Zhou Yaoqi, Song Xiaodong. A review on the mantle dynamic system and its evolution [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 1998,5(supp): 11-39. [周瑶琪,宋晓东.地幔动力系统与演化最新进展评述 [J].地学前缘,1998,5(增刊):11-39.]
[44] Hofmann A W. Mantle geochemistry: the message from oceanic volcanism [J]. Nature, 1997, 385: 219-229.
[45] Ringwood A E. Constitution and evolution of the mantle [J]. Geological Society of Australia Special Publications, 1989, 14: 457-485.
[46] Forte A M, Woodward R L, Dziewonski A M. Joint inversion of seismic and geodynamic data for models of three-dimensional mantle heterogeneity [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, 1994, 99(11): 21 857-21 877.
[47] Van der Hilst R D, Widiyantoro S, Engdahl E R. Evidence for deep mantle circulation from global tomography [J]. Nature, 1997, 386: 578-584.
[48] Tackley P J. Mantle convection and plate tectonics: Toward an integrated physical and chemical theory [J]. Number Science, 2000, 288: 2 002-2 007.
[49] Loper D E. Mantle plumes [J]. Tectonophysics, 1991, 187: 373-384.
[50] Richards M A, Duncan R A, Courtillot V E. Flood basalts and hot spot tracke: Plume hears and tails [J]. Science, 1989, 246: 103-107.
[51] Manga M, Stone H A, O'Connell R J. The interaction of plume heads with compositional discontinuities in the Earth's mantle [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1993, 98: 19 979-19 990.
[52] Zhao D P. Seismic structure and origin of hotspots and mantle plumes [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001, 192: 251-265.
[53] Molnar P, Stock J. Relative motions of hotspots in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans since late Cretaceous time [J]. Nature, 1987, 327: 587-591.
[54] Steinberger B. Plume in a convecting mantle: Models and observations for individual hotspots [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2000, 105: 11 127-11 152.
[55] Geist D J, White W M, McBirney A R. Plume-asthenosphere mixing beneath the Galapagos archipelago [J]. Nature, 1988, 333: 657-660.
[56] Hill R I. Mantle plumes and continental tectonics [J]. Science, 1992, 256: 186-193.
/
〈 |
|
〉 |