生物炭对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展
武玉（1990-），女，山东沂水人，硕士研究生，主要从事环境科学研究.E-mail: ywu@yic.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2013-08-27
修回日期: 2013-11-21
网络出版日期: 2014-01-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目“低分子有机酸对土壤中磷的释放动力学”（编号：41001137）；中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所“一三五”发展规划项目“黄河三角洲陆海界面过程、生态演变与修复技术”（编号：Y254021031）资助
Effects of Biochar Amendment on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties: Current Status and Knowledge Gaps
Received date: 2013-08-27
Revised date: 2013-11-21
Online published: 2014-01-10
生物炭是有机物原料在完全或者部分缺氧条件下, 经过高温热裂解（通常<700 ℃）产生的一类富碳、高度芳香化和稳定性高的有机物质。生物炭为全球气候变化、粮食危机和生态污染修复等提供了综合解决方案。生物炭对土壤物理和化学性质具有明显的改良作用。其多孔特性和比表面积有利于土壤聚集水分、提高孔隙度、降低容重, 从而为植物生长提供良好的环境。同时, 生物炭是酸性土壤一种理想的改良剂。其含有的养分元素可直接输入土壤, 其表面电荷和官能团有利于土壤养分的保留。但是, 生物炭由于受原材料和制备条件的影响, 各研究结论并不一致。综述了生物炭输入对土壤物理和化学性质影响的研究进展, 指出了目前研究存在的不足和需要加强的方面, 从而为生物炭的应用和推广提供一定的思路。
武玉 , 徐刚 , 吕迎春 , 邵宏波 . 生物炭对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014 , 29(1) : 68 -79 . DOI: 1001-8166(2014)01-0068-12
Biochar is an organic material with high carbon content, most aromatic structure and great stability resulting from high temperature thermal conversion (usually < 700 ℃) of organic materials under the completely or in part anoxic condition. Due to its stable chemical properties, biochar has received widely attention as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, biochar shows great potential in soil improvement and environmental pollution remediation, and provides a comprehensive solution for the global climate change, food crisis and ecological pollution remediation. Biochar is a carbon rich material, in association with porous characteristics and high surface area which are favorable to accumulating soil moisture, to increasing the porosity, to reducing density and bulk density, and to promoting the formation of soil aggregation. All the above soil physical improvement can provide a good environment for the growth of plants. Furthermore, biochar is an ideal acidic soil amendment which can improve the pH of acidic soil. It contains nutrient element which can be directly released into soil, and its surface charge and functional groups are conducive to soil nutrient retention, such as the reduced leaching of NH+4 and NO-3, PO3-4, therefore improve the efficiency of nutrient elements. However, the effect of biochar amendments highly influenced by raw materials and pyrolysis conditions is of inconsistent and sometimes even contrast results can be concluded. In this paper, we summarize the current status and knowledge gaps about the effect of biochar amendments on soil physical and chemical properties and some suggestions are also strengthened. Finally, some possible negative impacts of biochar application and research suggestions are discussed in order to better use of biochar in agriculture.
Key words： Biochar; Soil improvement; Organic material; Physical property; Chemical property
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