收稿日期: 1996-12-16
修回日期: 1997-01-20
网络出版日期: 1997-10-01
SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS,SULFATE AEROSOL AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Received date: 1996-12-16
Revised date: 1997-01-20
Online published: 1997-10-01
工业SO2排放的增加使对流层大气中硫酸盐气溶胶浓度增大，硫酸盐气溶胶通过其直接和间接辐射强迫作用影响气候变化。有关的研究结果显示：硫酸盐气溶胶的冷却效应在一定程度上抵消了温室效应，北半球增暖趋势的减缓和日较差的减小可能与大气中人为硫酸盐气溶胶浓度的增加有关。
关键词： 二氧化硫(SO2)排放; 硫酸盐气溶胶(SO2-4); 辐射强迫; 气候变化
钱云，符淙斌 . SO2排放、硫酸盐气溶胶和气候变化[J]. 地球科学进展, 1997 , 12(5) : 440 -446 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.1997.05.0440
Anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide from industrial activity are now known to be large enough to produce significant increases in sulfate aerosol abundances. The resulting increased particles in the atmosphere affect the climate change through the direct and indirect effects. Related research results show that cooling effects of sulfate aerosol compensate the greenhouse effect to certain extent due to increases in anthropogenic trace gases, which would lead to slower warming in Northern Hemisphere and lower diurnal temperature range.
1 魏复盛.制订我国SO2质量和排放标准的一些思考.中国环境监测, 1995, 11(4): 22-28.
2 韩国刚.中国2020年环境保护战略目标研究.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1993.
3 王玉庆.中国环境污染的状况和对策.中国环境科学, 1993, 13(4): 241-245.
4 IPCC. Radiative Forcing of Climate Change, The 1994 Report of the Scientific Assessment Working Group of IPCC.Cambridge University Press, 1994.
5 IPCC. Climate Change 1994, Summary for Policymakers and Technical Summary of the Working Group I Report.Cambridge University Press, 1994.
6 IPCC. Climate Change 1995, Summary for Policymakers and Technical Summary of the Working Group I Report.Cambridge University Press, 1995.
7 Danny Harvey L D. Warm days, hot nights. Nature, 1995, 377: 15-16.
8 Charlson R J, Langner J. Sulphate aerosol and climate. Nature, 1991, 348: 22.
9 Charlson R J, Schuartz S E, Rodhe H, et al. Perturbation of the northern hemisphere radiative balance by backscattering from anthropogenic sulfate aerosols. Tellus, 1991, 43AB: 152-163.
10 Charlson R J, Charlson R J, Langner J, et al. Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science, 1992, 255: 423-430.
11 Kiehl J T, Briegleb B P. The relative role of sulfate aerosols and greenhouse gases in climate forcing. Science,1993, 260: 311-314.
12 Waggoner A P, Vanderpol A J, Charlson R J,et al. Sulphate-light scattering ratio as an index of the role of sulphur in the tropospheric optics. Nature, 1976, 261: 120.
13 Boucher O. GCM assessment of the sensitivity of direct climate forcing by anthropogenic sulphate aerosols to aerosol size and chemistry. J Geo Res, 1995,100: 26061-26092.
14 Taylor K E, Penner J E. Response of the climate system to atmospheric aerosols and greenhouse gases. Nature,1994, 369: 734-737.
15 Warner J, Twomey S. The production of cloud nuclei by cane fires and the effect on cloud drop concentrations. J Atmos Sci, 1967, 24: 704-706.
16 Hobbs P V, Rodre L F, Shumway S E, et al. Cloud condensation nuclei from industrial sources and their apparent influence on precipitation in Washington State. J Atmos Sci, 1970, 27: 81-89.
17 Braham R. Cloud physics of urban weather modification: a preliminary report. Bull Amer Meteorol Soc, 1974, 55:100-106.
18 Hoppel W A. Measurements of the size distribution and CCN supersaturation spectrum of submicron aerosols over the ocean. J Atmos Sci, 1979, 36: 2006-2015.
19 Twomey S. Pollution and the planetary albedo. Atmos Envir, 1974, 8: 1251-1256.
20 Twomey S, Piepgrass M, Wolfe T L, et al. An assessment of the impact of pollution on global cloud albedo. Tellus, 1984, 36b: 356-366.
21 Wigley T. Possible climate change due to SO2-derived cloud condensation nuclei. Nature, 1989, 339: 365-367.
22 Jones A, Roberts D L, Slingo A,et al. A climate model study of indirect radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulphate aerosols. Nature, 1994, 370(11): 448-451.
23 Markku Kulmala. Aerosols, cloud and their climatic impacts. International conference on past, present and future climate. Finland. 1995.
24 Chuang C C, Penner J E. A study of the relationship between anthropogenic sulphate and cloud droplet nucleation.Pre-prints, AMS Conf on Cloud Physics, Dallas, Jan,1995.493-497.
25 Novakov T, Carpio C R, Peuner J E, et al. The effect of anthropogenic sulphate aerosols on marine droplet concentrations. Tellus, 1994, 46B: 132-141.
26 Boucher O, Lohmann U. The sulphate-CCN-cloud albedo effect. A sensitivity study with two general circulation models. Tellus, 1995, 47B: 281-300.
27 Boucher O. GCM estimate of the indirect aerosol forcing using satellite-retrieved cloud droplet effective radii. J Climate, 1995, 8: 1403-1409.
28 钱云,符淙斌,王自发.工业SO2排放对东亚和我国温度变化的影响.环境和气候研究,1996, 2: 143-149.
29 Akimoto Hajime. Distribution of SO2、NOx and CO2emissions from fuel combustion and industrial activities in Asia with 10×10 resolution. Atmospheric Environment, 1994, 28: 213-225.
30 Huang M, Wang Z F. Modelling studies on sulfur deposition and transport in East Asia. Water, Soil and Pollution,1995, 86(1): 22-29.
31 Wang Z, Huang M, He D. Sulfur distribution and transport studies in East Asia using Eulerian model. Adv Atmos Sci, 1996, 13(3): 399-409.
32 North G R, Mengel J G, Short D A. Simple energy balance model resolving the seasons and the continents:application to the astronomical theory of the ice ages. J Geophys Res, 1983, 88(6): 576-586.
33 曾昭美,严中伟,章名立.近四十年我国云、日照、温度及日较差的统计.科学通报, 1993, 38(5): 440-443.
34 Hansen J, Sato M, Ruedy R,et al. Long-term change of the diurnal temperature cycle: implications about mechanisms of global climate change. Atmospheric Research, 1995, 37: 175-209.
35 Hansen J, Wilson H, Sato M, et al. Satellite and surface temperature data at odds? . Climatic Change, 1995, 30:103-117.
36 Li X, Zhou Xiuji, Li Weiliang, et al. The cooling of Sichuan province in recent 40 years and its probable mechanisms. Acat Meteo Sin, 1995, 9: 57-68.
37 曾昭美,严中伟.近四十年中国云量变化的分析.大气科学, 1993, 17(6): 668-695.
38 Wigley T M L, Raper S C B. Natural variability of the climate system and detection of the greenhouse effect. Nature, 1990, 344: 324-327.
39 Stouffer R J, Manable S, Vinnikov K Ya. Model assessment of the role of natural variability in recent global warming. Nature, 1994, 367: 634-636.
40 Engardt M, Rodhe M. A comparison between patterns of temperature trends and sulphate aerosol pollution. Geo Res Lett, 1993, 20: 117-120.
41 Wigley T. Could reducing fossil-fuel emissions cause global warming? . Nature, 1991, 349: 503- 506.
42 Charlson R J, Wigley T. Sulphate aerosol and climate change. Sci Amer, 1994, 270(2): 48-57.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
甘公网安备62010202000687
