收稿日期: 2009-10-15
修回日期: 2010-09-16
网络出版日期: 2011-03-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目“温带荒漠区生物土壤结皮对土壤碳通量的影响”（编号：41001067）和“蚁类对固沙植被生态系统的影响”（编号：40971156）；国家自然科学杰出青年基金项目“干旱沙区土壤—植被系统修复的生态水文学机理”(编号：40825001)资助.
The Nitrogenase Activity of Biological Soil Crusts and Their Responses to Environmental Factors
Received date: 2009-10-15
Revised date: 2010-09-16
Online published: 2011-03-10
利用乙炔还原法对腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头地区3种生物土壤结皮(藻结皮、地衣结皮和苔藓结皮)的固氮活性及生物结皮固氮活性对模拟不同降雨量(1、3和5 mm)、温度(13、24和28 ℃)和光强(0、400和1 000 μmol/（m2·s)）的响应进行研究。结果表明：不同类型生物结皮的固氮活性差异显著，依次为：藻结皮(16.6 mmol/（m2·h）)>地衣结皮(6.9 mmol/（m2·h）)>苔藓结皮(2.6 mmol/（m2·h）)；水分和温度对生物结皮的固氮活性具有显著影响，光强无显著影响。生物结皮的固氮活性在3和5 mm降雨显著高于1 mm降雨；在24 ℃下显著高于13 ℃；并且，3种生物结皮的固氮活性对环境因子变化的敏感性不同。生物结皮具有固氮能力，特别是结皮演替早期的藻结皮，它们对荒漠生态系统土壤氮素输入具有重要贡献，而降雨量和温度是控制生物结皮固氮活性的2个关键因素。
苏延桂，李新荣，赵昕，李爱霞，陈应武 . 不同类型生物土壤结皮固氮活性及对环境因子的响应研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2011 , 26(3) : 332 -338 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2011.03.0332
Acetylene reduction was employed to study the nitrogenase activity (NA) of three types of biological soil crusts (algal, moss and lichen crusts) and the responses of NA to precipitation (1 , 3 and 5 mm), light intensity (0, 400 and 1 000 μmol/(m2·s)) and air temperature (13, 24 and 28 ℃) were also investigated under the laboratory condition. Results showed that NA differed significantly among crusts, with highest value occurring for algal crusts (16.6 mmol/(m2·h)), followed by lichen (6.9 mmol/(m2·h)) and moss crusts(2.6 mmol/(m2·h)). Precipitation and temperature significantly affected the NA, while light intensity had no effect on NA. The 3 and 5 mm precipitations significantly activated NA compared with 1 mm precipitation. NA was profoundly enhanced under the air temperature of 24 ℃ compared with 13 ℃. Therefore, firstly, this study indicated that biological soil crusts have the capability of nitrogen fixation, especially the algal crusts, which contributed profoundly to the soil nitrogen input in the desert ecosystems; secondly, the precipitation and temperature are the regulating factors for NA.
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