收稿日期: 2001-07-30
修回日期: 2001-10-30
网络出版日期: 2002-02-01
基金资助
中科院知识创新工程重大项目（编号：KZCX1-09）；国家自然科学基金项目“沙漠植物生态位构建与生活史对策研究”（编号：39970135）；荒漠区人工自然景观空间格局及其生态风险分析（编号：30070139）资助.
THE OPTIMAL CONTROL PATTERN OF OASIS HELTERFOREST SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATION
Received date: 2001-07-30
Revised date: 2001-10-30
Online published: 2002-02-01
以河西地区绿洲防护林系统为研究对象，分析了防护林资源分布的时空特征及建群种的增长动态，运用生物控制理论，构建了防护林区生物资源管理的最大持续产量模型、生态经济意义下的最优控制模型及多资源种群控制模型。根据有关模型和试验观测结果，确定了防护林建群种的资源保护指标、生态经济意义下的最优种群水平和人工调控措施。该防护林主要建群种二白杨胸径的保护指标为 k/2＝18．22cm，在不同成本与价格比下计算了主要建群种二白杨胸径指标的个最优控制量。估算了防护林系统的生态需水量，其中农田生态需水量为 1 796 m3/hm2，固沙林和阻沙防护林生态需水量为57 100m3/hm2，并提出了相应的持续发展对策。
程国栋 , 惠苍 , 李自珍 . 绿洲防护林系统的最优控制模式及其应用研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002 , 17(1) : 27 -32 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2002.01.0027
In this paper, we take the oasis shelterforest system in Hexi as the research object, analyze the spacetime feature of the distribution of forest resources of shelterforest and the growth dynamic of established populations. By using the theory of biological control, we construct the maximum sustainable output model of the biological resources management, the optimal control model under the meaning of ecological economics, and the control model of multi resource populations.
The optimal control model in perspective of ecological economy is:
State equation: dx/dt=rx(1-x/k)-u（t） Restrictive condition:x≥ k/2，umin≤u（t）≤umax；
Target function: J（u）=∫+∝0e-δt（P-C（x）)u（t）dt
Here is the resource population size; dx/dt represents the growth rate of population; r and k are intrinsic rate of increase and carrying capacity, respectively; is control variable; and others are model coefficients.
The twodimension optimal control model of multiresources population is:
State equation: dxi/dt=rixi（1-xi/ki）-kiExi，（i=1，2）
Restrictive condition：xi≥0，（i=1，2），Emin≤E≤Emax
Target function: J（E）=∫+∞0e-δt[P1k1x1+P2k2x2-C］E（t）dt
Where xi and dxi /dt are, respectively, the size and growth rate of the resource population ; i; ri and ki are its intrinsic growth rate and carrying capacity, E=E（t） respectively; represents the combine control variable.
Based on observation and experiments, the criteria of resource protection and the optimal population level and the measure of artificial regulation are given. The protection index of Populus gansuensis' breasthigh diameter is k/2=18.22 cm. We also calculate the optimal control variables of breast high diameter under different costprice ratio. Furthermore, the ecological water requirement of oasis shelter forest and the strategy sustainable development are proposed, in which the ecological required water quantity of crop field is 1 796 m3/hm2and the one of sand fixation and sand prevention woods is 57 100 m3/hm2.
［1］ Levin S A, Hallam T G, Gross L J. Applied Mathematical Ecology ［M］. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994. 3-81.
［2］ Clark C W, Clark F. The optimal exploitation of renewable resource stocks: problems of irreversible investment ［J］. Econometrica, 1979, 47: 25-49.
［3］ Eswaran M, Lewis T R. Ultimate recovery of an exhaustible resource under different market structures ［J］. J Environ Econ Manag, 1984, 11: 55-69.
［4］ Mckelvey R. Decentralized regulation of a common property resource industry with irreversible investment ［J］. J Environ Econ Manag, 1985, 12: 287-307.
［5］ Clark C W. Mathematical Biological Economy ［M］. Shenyang: Northeast Agriculture Press, 1984 (Translated by Zhou Q X, Qiu F Z). ［克拉克 C W著.数学生物经济学 ［M］. 周勤学，丘兆福译. 沈阳: 东北农业出版社, 1984.］
［6］ Smith J M. Ecological Model ［M］. Lang Xin trans. Beijing: Science press, 1979 . ［史密斯 J M.生态学模型 ［M］. 朗新译. 北京：科学出版社，1979.］
［7］ Northeast Forestry College. Forestry Ecology ［M］. Beijing: Chinese Forestry Press, 1981. ［东北林学院主编. 森林生态学 ［M］. 北京：中国林业出版社，1981.］
［8］ Chen Qingcheng. The investigation of some mountain plant's modality and ecological traits in east Qilian mountain at Gansu Province ［J］. Selective Paper of Plant Ecology and Ground Botany, 1966. ［陈庆诚. 甘肃省祁连山东段一些高山植物的形态与生态学特征的观察 ［J］. 植物生态学与地植物学丛刊, 1966.］
［9］ Li Zizhen, Liu Xiaoping, Jiang Wenlan. Research on optimal stocking system pattern of artificial grassland ［J］. Actaprataculturae Sinica, 1998, 4: 61-66. ［李自珍, 刘小平, 蒋文兰. 人工草地放牧系统优化模式研究 ［J］. 草业学报, 1998, 4: 61-66.］
［10］ Li Zizhen. Discussion on optimal control pattern of mixture artificial grassland stocking system ［J］. Journal of Lanzhou University (Special), 2000, 36: 98-102. ［李自珍. 混播人工草地放牧系统最优控制模式探讨 ［J］. 兰州大学学报(专辑), 2000, 36: 98-102.］
［11］ Feng Jinchao, Liu Xinmin. The Relationship between Arid Environment and Plant Water ［M］. Beijing: Chinese Environmental Science Press, 1998.［冯金朝, 刘新民. 干旱环境与植物水分关系 ［M］. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1998.］
［12］ Fan Shengyue. Development Strategies and Key Technology of Sand Industry in Zhangye Region ［M］. Beijing: Chinese Environmental Science Press, 1998.7. ［樊胜岳. 张掖地区沙产业发展对策与关键技术 ［M］. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1998.7.］
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
甘公网安备62010202000687
