简要介绍了千年生态系统评估（MA）项目编写的《生态系统与人类福祉：工商业面临的机遇和挑战》的核心内容。报告表明：① 工商业与生态系统之间存在着复杂的相互作用，一方面，工商业需要依赖生态系统服务的可持续供给才能得以长期运营，另一方面，工商业的各种活动也会导致生态系统及其服务发生变化；② 在1950—2000年的50年里，全球生态系统已经发生了许多不利于工商业长期持续发展的巨大变化，而且在未来50年内仍会发生一些与工商业密切相关的重要变化；③ 生态系统及其服务的巨大变化已经引起了管理部门的高度重视，今后工商业的发展必然会受到生态系统管理方面的重要影响；④ 工商业的发展要想长期立于不败之地，必须正确、全面地认识生态系统及其服务发生的重大变化，以及它们对业界带来的机遇和挑战，同时对自身的发展战略相应地做出调整。
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       The synthesis report, ecosystems and human well-being: opportunities and challenges for business and industry, was briefly introduced in this paper. This report indicates: ① Business interact with ecosystem and ecosystem services in two important ways: they use services and they contribute to ecosystem change. ② During the past 50 years (1950-2000), ecosystems have changed seriously and which are having or will have profoundly negative impacts on business, meanwhile, important ecosystem changes relevant to business will inevitably occur in the next 50 years. ③ Unprecedented changes in ecosystems and ecosystem services have caught great attention of governments, and the development of business will receive more regulatory constraints associated with ecosystem management. ④ To achieve a long sustainable development, business must systematically recognize important changes in ecosystems and ecosystem services and attendant opportunities and challenges, and adjust development strategies correspondingly.