收稿日期: 2006-06-08
修回日期: 2006-10-09
网络出版日期: 2007-01-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目“荒漠河岸林生态格局与过程水文学机制研究”（编号：40571026）资助.
Advances in Researches of Agriculture Water Productivity
Received date: 2006-06-08
Revised date: 2006-10-09
Online published: 2007-01-10
刘鹄 , 赵文智 . 农业水生产力研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007 , 22(1) : 58 -65 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.01.0058
Both the rapid population growth and high urbanization rate place immediate pressures on agriculture for increased production while at the same time create new demands for water which might have to be relocated from agriculture use. As water becomes scarce and food requirements increase, there will be a need to produce more food using less water, to protect the quality of water and the environment, particularly in developing countries. Concept of water productivity (WP), which can be defined as the amount of output or value per unit of water consumed, provides a useful framework to understand where and when water can be saved. Scholars even pointed out that the challenge of feeding tomorrow's world population is largely dependent on improved WP. Therefore, this paper aimed to provide a brief review on recent advances in agriculture water productivity (AWP). The evolution of the idea and concept of WP was introduced in the first part of this paper, and then the main affecting factors of AWP were analyzed in the second one. After enumerating the technical requirements and evaluation methodologies of WP in the third part, the range and patterns of globally measured Crop Water Productivity (CWP) of wheat, rice, cotton and maize were displayed, and then the improvement strategies of AWP were reviewed to illustrate the large opportunities for obtaining higher AWP from promoting water-use efficient techniques, adopting efficient on-farm water management, and selecting proper cropping pattern and cultural practices to developing more efficient crop varieties. It is pointed out that farmers' participation and Cross discipline collaboration should be promoted in the future, and also the researches on the scale issues, water price and water rights, virtual water transfers, environmental effects of CWP improvement practice and so on, should be further enhanced.
[1]Kijne J W, Barker R, Molden D. Water Productivity in Agriculture: Limits and Opportunities for Improvement[C]. Cambridge MA USA,2003.
[2]FAO. World Agriculture: Towards 2015/2030: An FAO Perspective [R]. Earthscan, London, 2003.
[3]WRMS. Towards Integrated Water Resources Management: WRMS for Zimbabwe [R]. Harare,2000.
[4]Molden D, Murray-Rust H, Sakthivadivel R, et al. A water productivity framework for understanding and action, Workshop on Water Productivity [R]. Sri Lanka, Wadduwa, 2001.
[5]Deju Z, Jingwen L. The water-use efficiency of winter wheat and maize on a salt-affected soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai river plain of China [J]. Agriculture Water Management,1993, 23: 67-82.
[6]Fengrui L, Songling Z, Geballe G T. Water use patterns and agronomic performance for some cropping systems with and without fallow crops in a semi-arid environment of northwest China [J]. Agricultural Ecosystem & Environment,2000, 79: 129-142.
[7]Liu W Z, Li Y S. Crop yield response to water and fertilizer in loess tableland of China: A field research [J]. Pedosphere,1995, 5: 259-266.
[8]Li F M, Song Q H, Liu H S, et al. Effects of pre-sowing irrigation and phosphorus application on water use and yield of spring wheat under semi-arid conditions [J]. Agriculture Water Management,2001, 49: 173-183.
[9]Wang H, Zhang L, Dawes W R, et al. Improving water use efficiency of irrigated crops in the North China Plain—ueasurements and modeling [J]. Agriculture Water Management,2001, 48: 151-167.
[10]Zhang H, Wang X, You M, et al. Water-yield relations and water-use efficiency of winter wheat in the North China Plain [J]. Irrigation Science,1999, 19: 37-45.
[11]Cui Yuanlai, Dong Bin, Deng Li. Changes of irrigation water use and productivity in Zhanghe irrigation system[J].Irrigation and Drainage,2002, 4: 4-8.[崔远来, 董斌, 邓莉. 漳河灌区灌溉用水量及水分生产率变化分析[J]. 灌溉排水, 2002, 4: 4-8.]
[12]Viets F G. Increasing Water Use Efficiency by Soil Management. Plant Environment and Efficient Water Use[C].Madison,1966.
[13]Jensen M E. Technical Seminar Proceedings [R].Columbia, Missouri. 1977.
[14]Keller A, Keller J. Effective Efficiency: A Water Use Concept for Allocating Freshwater Resources [R]. Virginia,1995.
[15]Willardson L S, Allen R G, Frederiksen H D. Universal Fractions and the Elimination of Irrigation Efficiencies [C]. Colorado,1994.
[16]Perry C J. The IIMI Water Balance Framework: A Model for Project Level Analysis [R]. Sri Lanka., Colombo,1996.
[17]Burt C M, Clemmens A J, Strelkoff T S. et al. Irrigation performance measures: Efficiency and uniformity [J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1997, 123(6): 423-442.
[18]Seckler D, Molden D, Sakthivadivel R. The Concept of Efficiency in Water Resource Management and Policy [C]. Columbia, Missouri,1998.
[19]Molden D. Accounting for Water Use and Productivity [C]. Sri Lanka, Colombo,1997.
[20]Zwart S J, Bastiaanssen W G M. Review of measured crop water productivity values for irrigated wheat, rice, cotton and maize [J]. Agricultural Water Management,2004, 69: 115-133.
[21]Bierhuizen J F, Slayter R O. Effect of atmospheric concentration of water vapor and CO2 in determining transpiration-photosynthesis relationships of cotton leaves [J]. Agriculture Meteorology,1965, 2: 259-270.
[22]Stanhill G. The Relationship between Climate and the Transpiration and Growth of Pastures [C]. England,1960.
[23]Chen Shangmo. The determination of moisture productive potential of farmlands in the semi-humid area liable to drought [J]. Agriculture in the Arid Area,1995, 1: 14-19.[陈尚谟. 旱区农田水分利用效率探讨[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 1995, 1: 14-19.]
[24]Pala M, Studer C. Cropping Systems Management for Improved Water use Efficiency in Dryland Agriculture [C]. Amman, Jordan,1999.
[25]Yazar A, Sezen S M, Gencel B. Drip irrigation in the Southeast Anatolia Project area in Turkey [J]. Irrigation and Drain,2002, 51: 293-300.
[26]Oktem A, Simsek M, Oktem A G. Deficit irrigation effects on sweet corn with drip irrigation in a semi-arid region I.Water yield relationship[J].Agriculture Water Management,2003, 61: 63-74.
[27]Prieto D, Angueira C. Water Stress Effect on Different Growing Stages for Cotton and its Influence on Yield Reduction [C]. Dordrecht, 1999.
[28]Hatfield J L, Sauer T J, Prueger J H. Managing soils to achieve greater water use efficiency: A review [J]. Agronomy Journal,2001, 93: 271-280.
[29]Smith M. CROPWAT, A Computer Program for Irrigation Planning and Management [R]. Rome, Italy,1992.
[30]Li Yuanhua, Zhao Jinhe, Zhang Siju, et al. Calculation method & application of moisture productivity [J]. China Water Resources,2001,8: 66-67.[李远华, 赵金河, 张思菊,等. 水分生产率计算方法及其应用[J]. 中国水利, 2001,8: 66-67.]
[31]Singh R, van Dam J C, Feddes R A. Water productivity analysis of irrigated crops in Sirsa district, India [J]. Agricultural Water Management,2006, 82: 253-278.
[32]Droogers P, Kite G. Estimating Productivity of Water at Different Spatial Scales Using Simulation Modeling [C]. Colombo, Sri Lanka,2001.
[33]Doorenbos J, Kassam A H. Yield Response to Water, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33 [R]. Rome, Italy,1979.
[34]Aggarwal P K. InfoCrop: A User-friendly System for Applications of Crop Models (version 1.09) [R], New Delhi, India,2002.
[35]Timsina J, Humphreys E, Godwin D, et al. Evaluation of Options for Increasing Water Productivity of Wheat Using CSM-Wheat V4.0 [C]. Melbourne, Australia, 2005.
[36]Jin M, Zhang R, Sun L, et al. Temporal and spatial soil water management: A case study in the Heilonggang region, PR China [J]. Agriculture Water Management,1999,42:173-187.
[37]Kijne J W, Tuong T P, Bennett J, et al. Ensuring Food Security via Crop Water Productivity Improvement [R]. Colombo, Sri Lanka,2003.
[38]Guerra L C, Bhuiyan S I. Strategies and Practices for Increasing On-farm Water Productivity, Addressing Resource Conservation Issues in Rice-Wheat Systems of South Asia-A Resource Book [C]. New Delhi, India, 2003.
[39]Harris H C. Soil and Crop Management for Improved Water Use Efficiency in Rainfed Areas [R]. Ankara, Turkey,1991.
[40]Oweis T, Taimeh A. Evaluation of a small basin water harvesting system in the arid region of Jordan [J]. Water Resources Management,1996, 10: 21-34.
[41]Oweis T, Hachum A, Kijne J W. Water Harvesting and Supplemental Irrigation for Improved Water Use Efficiency in Dry Areas[R]. Colombo, Sri Lanka,1999.
[42]Rajak D, Manjunatha M V, Rajkumar G R, et al. Comparative effects of drip and furrow irrigation on the yield and water productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in a saline and waterlogged vertisol [J]. Agriculture Water Management,2006,83（12）：30-36.
[43]Pereira L S. Higher performances through combined improvements in irrigation methods and scheduling: A discussion[J]. Agriculture Water Management,1999, 40(2): 153-169.
[44]Sun Xinzhong. Effect of pipe space on maize infiltration irrigation [J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2006, 26(2):26-29.[孙新忠. 不同管距时玉米渗灌效果的试验研究 [J]. 水利水电科技进展, 2006, 26(2):26-29.]
[45]Li Xiaoling, Liu Puhai, Cheng Ziyong. Experimental research on effect of water-saving and yield increase for maize under different irrigation techniques [J]. Water Saving Irrigation,2006, 3:7-9.[李晓玲, 刘普海, 成自勇. 不同灌溉方式下玉米节水增产效果试验研究[J]. 节水灌溉, 2006, 3:7-9.]
[46]Barker R, Loeve R, Li Y H, et al. Water-saving Irrigation for Rice[C]. Colombo, Sri Lanka,2001.
[47]Rosegrant M W. Water Resources in the Twenty-first Century: Challenges and Implications for Action[R]. Washington DC, USA, 1997.
[48]Hoekstra A Y, Hung P Q. Virtual Water Trade: A Quantification of Virtual Water Flows between Nations in Relation to International Crop Trade [C]. Netherlands,2002.
[49]Renault D. Value of Virtual Water for Food: Principles and features [C]. Delft, 2002.
[50]English M J, Musick J T, Murty V V. Deficit Irrigation [R]. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI, 1990.
[51]Gao Wangsheng, Zhong Zhiming. Research progress of the irrigation theory and technique pattern [J]. Research of Agriculture Modernization,1999, 20(4):218-221.[高旺盛, 钟志明. 节水灌溉理论与技术模式研究进展[J]. 农业现代化研究,1999, 20(4):218-221.]
[52]Du Taisheng, Kang Shaozhong, Hu Xiaotao, et al. Effect of alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of cotton[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005, 38(10): 2 061-2 068.[杜太生, 康绍忠, 胡笑涛,等.根系分区交替滴灌对棉花产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(10):2 061-2 068.]
[53]Perry C. Irrigation reliability and the productivity of water: A proposed methodology using evapotranspiration mapping [J].Irrigation and Drainage Systems,2005, 19: 211-221.
[54]Tuong T P. productive water use in rice production: Opportunities and limitations [J].Journal of Crop Production,1999, 2(2): 241-264.
[55]Gong Shaohong, Cui Yuanlai, Huang Jiesheng, et al. Change law of physiological indices and yield for paddy rice under different water and nitrogen supply [J]. Water Saving Irrigation,2005, 2:1-4.[龚少红, 崔远来,黄介生,等. 不同水肥处理条件下水稻生理指标及产量变化规律[J]. 节水灌溉, 2005, 2: 1-4.]
[56]Cabangon R J, Tuong T P. Management of cracked soils for water saving during land preparation for rice cultivation [J].Soil and Tillage Research,2000, 56 (1/2): 105-116.
[57]Gregory P J. Concepts of Water Use Efficiency [C]. Aleppo, Syria, 1991.
[58]Oweis T, Hachum A. Reducing peak supplemental irrigation demand by extending sowing dates[J].Agricultural Water Management,2001, 50: 109-123.
[59]Molden D, de Fraiture C. Major paths to increasing the productivity of irrigation water[C]//IWMI Monograph on Water Supply and Demand: 1995-2025.2000.
[60]Musick J T, Porter K B. In Irrigation of Agricultural Crops[C]//Madison Wisconsin, 1990.
[61]Studer C, Erskine W. Integrating Germplasm Improvement and Agricultural Management to Achieve More Efficient Water Use in Dry Area Crop Production[R]. Amman Jordan, 1999.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
甘公网安备62010202000687
