从水循环的角度分析，全球尺度上总降水的65％通过森林、草地、湿地和雨养农田的蒸散
返回到大气中，成为绿水流（绿水），仅有35％的降水储存于河流、湖泊以及含水层中，成为蓝水。目前的水资源评价多集中于可见的、可以被人类直接利用的蓝水资源，忽略了绿水资源的评价和管理。绿水最初被定义为蒸散流，是流向大气圈的水汽流，后来被定义为具体的资源，即绿水是源于降水、存储于土壤并通过植被蒸散发消耗掉的水资源，尤其在雨养农业区是重要的水资源。介绍了绿水的概念，绿水在陆地生态系统中的作用，综述了绿水评价研究的进展、影响绿水流的因素、全球绿水资源状况和水安全等，展望了未来绿水研究，指出应将绿水资源纳入水资源评价之中，开展绿水管理、绿水和蓝水综合利用研究，自然生态系统与粮食生产绿水均衡利用研究。

Atgloballevel ， about 65％ of water received as precipitation r eturns to the atm osphere as green
water flow （ i. e. transpiration from forest ， grassland ， wetland and rainfed farm land ）. Still ， water m anagem entand governance to date has alm ost exclusively foc used on the visible blue waterflow （ i. e. runoffflow in rivers ， aquifers and lakes ）. Green wateris defined as waterflow returned to atmosphere in the originaldocum ent. Only in the past few years has it become recognized as resource s of production of plantbiom ass that first rem ain in the soil in the form ofhum idity ， are then stored in plants during their growth ， and are finally released back into the atmosphere through evaporation. This paper presented th e evolution of the green water concept ， the effects affect green water flow ， and the roles of green water played in the terre strial ecosystems ， and reviewed the advances in green water evaluation and the currentstatus ofglobalgre en water resources and green water security. I tis pointed outthatgreen water resources should be included in the wate rresources evaluation system ， green water related researches such as
green water managem ent ， com prehensive usage of blue water and green water resources ， and balancing water for humans and nature should be deployed in the future.