地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 904 -914.

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黑潮化学物质输入东海的途径与通量
刘伟 1, 2, 3( ), 宋金明 1, *( ), 袁华茂 1, 李学刚 1, 李宁 1, 段丽琴 1, 左九龙 1, 3   
  1. 1.中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东 青岛266071
    2.山东省分析测试中心,山东 济南 250014
    3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 出版日期:2015-09-16
  • 通讯作者: 宋金明 E-mail:ll_liuwei@163.com;jmsong@qdio.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“黑潮向近海生源要素的输送”（编号：XDA11020102）;国家自然科学基金委员会—山东省人民政府联合项目“海洋生态环境变化的生物地球化学机制”（编号：U1406403）资助

Pathway and Flux of Inputting Chemical Substances from the Kuroshio to the East China Sea

Wei Liu 1, 2, 3, Jinming Song 1, Huamao Yuan 1, Xuegang Li 1, Ning Li 1, Liqin Duan 1, Jiulong Zuo 1, 3   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071
    2 .Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014
    3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049
  • Online:2015-09-16 Published:2015-09-16
全文 ( 6 )

在对黑潮水文特征分析的基础上,探讨了黑潮对中国近海化学物质输入途径,归纳总结了黑潮对东海生源要素、痕量元素、同位素及其他化学物质的输入特征,提出了黑潮对中国近海化学物质输入研究应着重关注的问题。主要的结论包括：吕宋海峡、中国台湾东北部及日本九州西南海域是黑潮向中国近海输送化学物质的3个关键区域;黑潮表层水向东海陆架的扩展、次表层水和中层水的涌升以及黑潮季节性流轴摆动是黑潮向东海输送化学物质的基本途径。黑潮主体生源要素的浓度随深度的增加而增大。黑潮对东海生源要素的影响夏季最弱、春季次之、秋冬季最强,其对东海生源要素的输入通量要远高于河流、大气等其他输入源,并且各水层中以中层水的生源要素输入通量为最大。痕量元素在黑潮主体的分布、对东海的输入通量等方面均表现出了与生源要素的差异,各痕量元素的分布及输入通量随痕量元素的不同而不尽相同,其中次表层水的涌升在对邻近海域痕量元素分布的影响中起到了重要作用。同位素可指示黑潮对东海陆架的入侵程度及变化规律,并与营养盐等有一定的相关性。黑潮是东海微量温室气体N2O,CH4等其他化学物质的重要输入源,进而对东海生态环境产生影响。进一步研究应着重从系统性外海观测、痕量元素及同位素等化学物质调查、黑潮对中国近海输入化学物质的控制过程等方面深入开展。关键词：黑潮; 东海; 化学物质; 输入途径; 通量

关键词: Kuroshio, The East China Sea, Chemical substances, Inputting pathway, Flux.

The inputting pathway of chemical substances from the Kuroshio to China Margin seas and inputting characteristics of biogenic elements, trace elements, isotopes and other chemical substances from the Kuroshio to the East China Sea (ECS) were reviewed on the basis of hydrological analysis of the Kuroshio, and some important issues which should be concerned in this research field were put forward in the end. Luzon Strait, Sea off Northeastern Taiwan and Southwestern Kyushu are the critical areas for the Kuroshio input. Extension of the Kuroshio surface water, upwelling of the Kuroshio subsurface water and intermediate water, seasonal axial swing are the basic means for the input of chemical substances. The concentration of biogenic elements in the Kuroshio water increases with depth. For biogenic elements in the ECS, the influence of the Kuroshio is the weakest in summer, then in spring, and strongest in autumn and winter. The influx of biogenic elements from the Kuroshio is higher than other sources like river and atmosphere, and the intermediate water owns the largest share among all layers. The distribution and influx to the ECS of trace elements show difference with biogenic elements, and differ from each other under the impact of the upwelling of Kuroshio subsurface water. Isotopes can indicate the incursion of the Kuroshio and show certain correlation with nutrition. The Kuroshio is also an important source for some green house gas like N2O, CH4, which will further affect the ecosystem of the ECS. The future research should focus on systematical offshore observation, investigation of chemical substances like trace elements and isotopes, controlling process of chemical substances input from the Kuroshio to China margin seas.

Key words: Kuroshio, The East China Sea, Chemical substances, Inputting pathway, Flux.

中图分类号: 

图1 黑潮主体及分支示意图(修改自参考文献[ 5 ])
Fig.1 Main stream and branch of the Kuroshio(modified from reference [ 5 ])
图2 东海黑潮区水体NO 3-N,PO 4-P,SiO 3-Si的垂直分布 [ 26 ]
Fig.2 Vertical distribution of NO 3-N,PO 4-P,SiO 3-Si of the Kuroshio water in the ECS [ 26 ]
表1 黑潮对东海生源要素的输入通量
Table 1 Influx of biogenic elements from the Kuroshio to the ECS
研究区域 黑潮输入通量最大值/(kmol/s) 参考文献
NO3-N PO4-P SiO3-Si
东海陆架 12.6 0.46 23.7 [14]
PN断面 9.4 0.7 18.2 [30]
中国台湾东北部海域 7.1 0.46 10.1 [31]
图3 黑潮各水层对东海生源要素的输入通量 [ 32 ]
Fig.3 Influx of biogenic elements from each layer of the Kuroshio to the ECS [ 32 ]
表2 黑潮主体海水溶解态的痕量元素
Table 2 Dissolved trace elements of the Kuroshio main stream water
元素名称 浓度/（nmol/L） 浓度垂直变化 类型[ 36 ] 参考文献
As 11.2~19.7 表层低、次表层高 表层富集型 [37, 38]
Pb 0.2~0.8 表层低、次表层高、向下再降低 [39]
IO3- 260~420 表层低、次表层高 [40]
I- 9~160 表层高、次表层低
Mn 1~15 表层高、次表层低 [41]
Al 10~30 表层高、次表层低 中层极小值型 [42]
Cd 0.04~1.45 自表层向下逐渐增加 营养盐型
(表层低深层高)		 [43]
W 0.061~0.107 表层略高 保守型
(均匀分布)		 [44]
Mo 92~105 表层略高
V 31~38 表底层基本一致
U 12~15 表底层基本一致
表3 黑潮对东海痕量元素的输入通量
Table 3 Influx of trace elements from the Kuroshio to the ECS
元素名称 输入通量/（mol /a） 黑潮输入通量位次 参考文献
黑潮 河流 台湾暖流 大气
As 4.79×108 0.24×108 14.12×108 0.60×108 2 [37, 46, 47]
Al 3.70×108 5.92×108 6.62×108 4.55×108 4 [42, 48, 49]
Mn 6.0×107 3.1×107 / / 1 [41]
I- 3.7×109 0.03×109 1.2×109 / 1 [40]
IO3- 12.3×109 0.03×109 3.1×109 / 1
表4 黑潮各水层对东海痕量元素的输入通量
Table 4 Influx of trace elements from each layer of the Kuroshio to the ECS
元素名称 输入通量/（mol /a） 输入通量比 参考文献
表层水 次表层水 （表层/次表层）
Al 1.26×108 2.44×108 1/1.94 [42]
Mn 4.0×107 2.0×107 2/1 [41]
I- 3.6×109 0.1×109 36/1 [40]
IO3- 5.7×109 6.6×109 1/1.16
表5 黑潮区域部分溶解态同位素研究结果
Table 5 Research results of some dissolved isotopes in the Kuroshio area
同位素名称 浓度分布 相关性 主要研究结论 参考文献
10Be 黑潮主体浓度很高,约700~800原子/克,向近岸方向逐渐降低 与营养盐相关性显著 在东海PN断面上,黑潮水入侵东海陆架最远可以到达124°E的位置 [50]
18O 黑潮主体18O丰度很高,特征值0.20‰~0.45‰,高于邻近海域 与盐度显著正相关 在中国台湾东北部海域,夏季黑潮水仅影响到陆架坡折以外海域 [51]
226Ra 黑潮主体浓度低,向近岸方向逐渐增大 与营养盐、盐度相关性不明显 夏季黑潮水对东海陆架的入侵限于陆架边缘,而冬季表层水向岸入侵明显 [14, 52]
210Po 黑潮主体浓度低,向近岸方向逐渐增大 与营养盐、盐度相关性不明显 秋季黑潮对陆架的入侵更为明显,大于夏季和冬季 [53]
210Pb
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