不同地表覆盖条件下区域水分盈亏的遥感分析——以中国北方为例

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2002.02.0283

地球科学进展 ›› 2002, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (2): 283 -288. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2002.02.0283

中国典型地区土地利用变化对生态系统的影响机制上一篇下一篇

不同地表覆盖条件下区域水分盈亏的遥感分析——以中国北方为例

陈云浩，李晓兵，李霞，高清竹，谢锋

北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室，北京师范大学资源科学研究所，北京 100875

收稿日期:2001-12-07 修回日期:2001-12-28 出版日期:2002-12-20
通讯作者: 陈云浩(1974-),男,安徽人,博士生,主要从事资源环境遥感研究.E-mail:cyh@bnu.edu.cn E-mail:cyh@bnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“我国生存环境演变和北方干旱化趋势预测研究”(编号：G1999043404)；“草地与农牧交错带生态系统重建机理及优化生态—生产范式”(编号：G2000018604)；国家自然科学基金项目“基于‘3S’监测我国北方气候变化对植被的影响”(编号：30000027)资助.

REMOTE SENSING MODEL FOR MONITORING REGIONAL WATER STRESS CONCERNING LAND-COVER CONDITION——A CASE STUDY OVER NORTH CHINA

CHEN Yun-hao ，LI Xiao-bing ，LI Xia ，GAO Qing-zhu ，XIE Feng

Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Resources Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875，China

Received:2001-12-07 Revised:2001-12-28 Online:2002-12-20 Published:2002-04-01

下载PDF ( 1014 )

依据能量平衡和水分平衡原理，建立不同地表覆盖条件下的区域缺水计算方法，实现了利用遥感数据对我国北方缺水状况的宏观监测和快速反应。模型的具体步骤是：首先，利用NOAA/AVHRR数字影像进行地表覆盖分类，结合气象数据建立区域实际蒸散模型，并利用经联合国粮农组织修正的Penman公式计算区域潜在蒸散量。然后，由区域实际蒸散量和潜在蒸散量，构造出反映区域缺水程度的缺水指数。最后，利用该方法对1999年7月我国北方的区域水分盈亏状况进行了研究，讨论了区域缺水指数与土壤墒情、背景环境参数、地表覆盖类型的关系。

关键词: 地表覆盖, 区域缺水指数, 遥感;蒸散

It is a very important and complicated problem to monitor regional drought over large area of heterogeneous surface. The purpose of this study is to seek a regional water stress monitoring model over large area of natural land surface based on the regional land-cover types and vegetation fraction information. At first, an estimation model for regional actual evapotranspiration (ET₀ ) was obtained using the remotely sensed reflected solar radiation and surface temperatures derived from the NOAA/AVHRR digital image as well as the meteorological data such as incoming solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed and vapor pressure from ground meteorological station. Secondly, an estimation model for regional potential evapotranspiration (ET_p) was developed by using the modified Penman's equation, which based on the principles of energy balance and water balance. Then, a monthly regional water stress index model over the heterogeneous landscape was derived by considering the regional actual evapotranspiration and regional potential evapotranspiration. At last, a case study over the area of North China and the features of soil moisture over North China are also discussed with this model. The case gives that DEM and vegetation fraction are also the main factors which affects the regional water stress index as well as precipitation. Therefore, land-cover conditions must be taken into account in the regional water stress index monitoring over North China.
In the present study, this regional water stress index model seems to be a viable method for monitoring the soil moisture over large area of natural land surface.

Key words: Land-cover, Regional water stresss index, Remote sensing, Evapotranspiration.

中图分类号:

TP79
X144

［1］Shen Zhenrong.The spatial-temporal distribution of drought last thirty years in China［J］. Journal of Natural Resources, 1982,(4):9-18. ［沈振荣.我国近三十年旱情的时空分布规律［J］.自然资源学报,1982,(4):9-18.］
［2］Tian Guoliang,Yang Xihua, Zheng Ke. Remote sensing model for wheat drought monitoring［J］. Remote Sensing of Environment China, 1992,7(2):83-88. ［田国良,杨希华,郑柯.冬小麦旱情遥感监测模型研究［J］.环境遥感,1992,7(2):83-89.］
［3］Tian Guoliang.Estimation of evapotranspiration and soil moisture and drought monitoring using remote sensing in north China plain［Z］. Space and Environment, IAF , Graz Austria,1993.
［4］Chen Shupeng,Tong Qingxi, Guo Huadong, et al. Mechanism of remote sensing information［M］. Beijing: Science Press,1998. ［陈述彭,童庆禧,郭华东,等.遥感信息机理研究［M］.北京:科学出版社,1998.］
［5］Ma Ainai. Models of Remote Sensing Information ［M］. Beijing: Peking University Press,1997. ［马蔼乃.遥感信息模型［M］.北京:北京大学出版社,1997.］
［6］Chen Yunhao, Li Xiaobing, Shi Peijun. Estimation of regional evapotranspiration over northwest China using remote sensing［J］. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2001,56(3):261-268. ［陈云浩,李晓兵,史培军.我国西北地区区域蒸散量计算的遥感研究［J］.地理学报,2001,56(3):261-268.］
［7］Chen Yunhao, Li Xiaobing, Shi Peijun. Estimation of regional evapotranspiration over northwest China by using remotely sensing data［A］.In: International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium［C］. Sydney: IEEE Press, 2001.
［8］Gutman G, Ignatov A. The derivation of the green vegetation fraction from NOAA/AVHRR data for use in numerical weather prediction models［J］. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1998,19(8):1 533-1 543.
［9］Xie Xianqun. Estimation of dailyevapotranspiration from one time-of-day remotely sensed canopy temperature［J］. Remote Sensing of Environment China, 1991,6(4):253-259. ［谢贤群.遥感瞬时作物表面温度估算农田全日蒸散总量［J］.环境遥感,1991,6(4):253-259.］
［10］Saxton k E, Rawals J W, Romberger J S, et al. Estimating generalized soil-water characteristics from texture［J］. Soil Sci Soc Am J,1986,50:1 031-1 036.

[1]	李晓兵;陈云浩;喻锋. 基于遥感数据的全球及区域土地覆盖制图———现状、战略和趋势[J]. 地球科学进展, 2004, 19(1): 71-080.

阅读次数

全文

摘要